振动监测及减振技术在耕整地机械的应用研究

Research on the application of vibration monitoring and vibration reduction technology in cultivated land preparation machinery

针对耕整地机械核心工作部件在田间作业时结构磨损或疲劳断裂问题,通过阐述振动监测技术的发展现状,总结电涡流型、磁电型及压电型3种传感器技术的特点和应用情况,分析3种传感器技术的优缺点;归纳应用于耕整地机械振动监测的硬件系统和软件系统;梳理时域分析、频域分析和时频分析3种振动信号处理方法的优势及局限性,指出时域、频域分析不适用于非稳态信号分析;分析当前应用到耕整地机械中的阻尼材料、加装动力吸振器和改善机械部件结构3种减振技术及各自应用情况,指出加装动力吸振器应用范围窄,改变机械结构设计难度高。最后针对振动信号处理提出局部变换结合时频分析法、深度残差收缩网络法两种振动信号处理方法,针对机械减振措施提出采用阻尼材料实现机械减振的建议,期望为耕整地机械乃至其他农机装备振动监测及减振技术提供参考。

Aiming at the problem of structural wear or fatigue fracture of the core working components of cultivated land preparation machinery in the field,this paper expounded on the development status of vibration monitoring technology,summarized the characteristics and applications of three sensor technologies,eddy current type,magnetoelectric type and piezoelectric type,and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the three sensor technologies.The hardware system and software system applied to vibration monitoring of tillage machinery were summarized in this paper.The advantages and limitations of the time-domain analysis,frequency domain analysis and time-frequency domain analysis were analyzed,and it was pointed out that time domain and frequency domain analysis were not suitable for unsteady signal analysis.By analyzing the three vibration reduction technologies currently applied to cultivated land preparation machinery and respective applications,such as using damping materials,installing dynamic vibration absorbers and improving the structure of mechanical parts,it was pointed out that the application range of adding dynamic vibration absorbers was narrow,and it was difficult to change the structure of mechanical parts.Finally,two vibration signal processing methods were proposed for vibration signal processing:local transformation combined with the time-frequency analysis method and the deep residual shrinkage network method.In view of the mechanical vibration reduction measures,the suggestion of using damping materials to achieve mechanical vibration reduction was proposed.It is expected to provide a reference for the vibration monitoring and vibration reduction technology of cultivated land preparation machinery and other agricultural machinery equipment.