牛羊养殖电动推料机设计与试验

Design and test of electric sweeper for cattle and sheep breeding

针对国内牛羊养殖业饲喂过程中,撒料车将饲料抛撒到牛羊的围栏边缘,牛羊在食用过程中将大量饲料拱出饲喂区域造成饲料浪费,增加养殖成本这一现象,设计一种电动推料机。该机主要由推料机构、清扫机构、行走机构、转向机构、液压系统和照明系统和车架组成,实现推料作业和饲料清扫作业。其关键机构为推料机构和清扫机构,推料机构主要由升降液压缸、转向液压缸和推料板组成,通过控制2个液压缸实现推料板的升降和转向动作;清扫机构主要由柱刷、液压马达、液压缸和护罩组成,液压马达驱动柱刷的旋转,液压缸控制柱刷的升降。在奶牛牧场进行样机试验,所用的饲料为青贮饲料,试验结果表明,撒料车抛撒饲料到奶牛围栏边缘,饲料堆宽度为0.8 m;奶牛食用后,饲料堆宽度一般为1.2 m;推料机作业后,料堆的宽度为0.7 m。一般成年奶牛可以食用到距围栏0.8 m范围内得饲料。能够满足预期的作业效果,电动推料车作业后的路面上无大范围饲料遗漏,路面整洁。该电动推料车能够较好地实现牧场中的推料作业,降低养殖成本。

In view of the present domestic cattle and sheep breeding industry feeding process,the spreader throws the feed to the fence edge of the cattle and sheep,and the cattle and sheep arch a large amount of feed out of the feeding area during the eating process,which causes the waste of feed and increases the breeding cost.Then an electric sweeper was designed.The electric sweeper is mainly composed of a pushing mechanism,cleaning mechanism,walking mechanism,steering mechanism,hydraulic system,lighting system and frame to realize pushing operation and feed cleaning operation.The pushing mechanism is mainly composed of hydraulic lifting cylinder,steering hydraulic cylinder and pushing plate.The lifting and steering action of the pushing plate is realized by controlling two hydraulic cylinders.The cleaning mechanism is mainly composed of a column brush,hydraulic motor,hydraulic cylinder,and shield.The hydraulic motor drives the rotation of the column brush,and the hydraulic cylinder controls the lifting of the column brush.The prototype test was carried out in the dairy cattle ranch,and the feed used was silage.The test results showed that the spreader scattered the feed to the edge of the dairy cattle fence,and the width of the feed pile was 0.8 m.The width of the feed heap is generally 1.2 m after dairy cows have finished grazing.After the pusher operation,the feed heap width is 0.7 m.General adult dairy cows can eat to 0.8 m from the fence within the range of feed.The design can meet the expected operating results,electric bulldozer after the operation of the road without large-scale feed leakage,road neat.The electric pusher can better realize the feed back operation in the pasture and reduce the breeding cost.