餐厨垃圾高效降解复合菌种培养方法探索

Cultivation Method Exploration and Application of Compound Strains for Efficient Degradation of Food Waste

“十二五”以来国家不断推进餐厨垃圾就近资源化项目,餐厨垃圾就地堆肥处理是目前的研究热点,但高效降解菌种主要依赖进口,高活性菌种无法有效实现本地传代培养,导致菌种价格昂贵限制推广,因此有必要对能保持高效降解菌种活性的培养及传代方法进行优化和探索。本文经过对培养方式、碳氮源、磷元素影响、无机碳氮源和有机碳氮源影响以及最佳碳氮比的研究,最终确定复合菌种活性保持的固体培养基成分为6 g木屑、0.30 g氯化铵、1.13 g碳酸氢钠、20 mL无菌水、5.45 g石子,培养条件为45℃,190 r/min振荡培养。传代方法实验结果表明“半数培养物传代培养”是比较适合的传代方法。采用自培菌种进行餐厨垃圾降解实验,本实验条件下产出的是棕褐色、较为松散细腻的有机肥半成品。

Since the“12th Five-Year Plan”,China has continuously promoted the project of nearby resource utilization of kitchen waste.On-site composting of kitchen waste is a current research hotspot.As the high-efficiency degradation strains cannot effectively achieve local subculture,they mainly rely on imports,leading to expensive strains and limited promotion.Therefore,it is necessary to optimize and explore the cultivation and passage methods that can maintain the activity of high-efficiency degradation bacteria.Herein,the original bacteria and their food waste compost products were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing to understand the composition of the original bacteria and the changes in the bacterial community structure after composting.According to the evaluation results of the cultivation method,carbon and nitrogen sources,phosphorus,inorganic and organic carbon-nitrogen sources,and the best C︰N,the composition of the solid medium to maintain the activity of the composite strain is:6 g sawdust,0.30 g ammonium chloride,1.13 g sodium bicarbonate,20 mL sterile water,and 5.45 g stones.The culture conditions are 45℃and 190 r/min shaking culture.The experimental results indicated that half of the content subculture is a more suitable passaging method.The food waste degradation experiment was conducted with self-cultured strains.Under the experimental conditions,the semi-finished product of organic fertilizer was brown,loose and delicate.