刑法立法公众参与如何发生——基于非建制化与建制化阶段的类型化讨论

Public Participation in Legislation of Criminal Law Based on the Institutionalized and Non-institutionalized Stages

中国刑法立法公众参与如何发生须区分非建制化和建制化阶段进行类型化讨论。社会热点事件驱动、立法机关的会期、互联网主阵地、道德判断策应和媒体推波助澜素描非建制阶段刑法立法公众参与的总体面貌,而建制化阶段刑法立法公众参与讨论则需要区分刑法立法草案提出、刑法立法草案审议和刑法立法草案表决公布等不同阶段进行细致性探究。刑法立法草案提出阶段,相关部门通过立法座谈会、听证会、咨询会、调查问卷和实地调研等方式听取公众意见,公众也可通过基层立法联系点等就刑法草案提出意见和建议。刑法立法草案审议阶段,最高立法机关及时公布刑法审议进程信息,向社会公众公布刑法草案及草案说明并听取公众意见。刑法立法草案表决公布阶段,公众可列席和旁听刑法草案的表决会议,参加座谈会、论证会、听证会或者通过基层立法联系点等方式表达其对刑法公布及其实施的意见和建议。

The public participation in legislation of China’s criminal law should be classified into institutionalized stage and non-institutionalized stage.The public participation in legislation of non-institutionalized stage refers to the overall appearance of public participation such as social hot events,the meeting period of the legislature,the Internet,moral judgment and media support,while the public participation in legislation of the institutionalized stage means the careful discussion in different stages of the proposal of criminal law legislation draft,the deliberation of criminal law legislation draft and the voting and publication of criminal law legislation draft.At the stage of proposing the legislation draft of criminal law,relevant departments listen to the public’s opinions through legislative symposiums,hearings,consultation meetings,questionnaires and field investigations,and the public can also put forward opinions and suggestions on the draft of criminal law through grass-roots legislative contact points.At the stage of deliberation on the legislation draft of criminal law,the supreme legislature promptly releases information on the deliberation process of the criminal law,makes public the draft of criminal law and its explanation to the public,and listens to the public’s opinions.An the stage of voting and promulgation of the legislation draft of criminal law,the public can attend and sit in on the voting meeting of the draft of criminal law,participate in the symposium,demonstration meeting,hearing,or express their opinions and suggestions on the promulgation and implementation of the criminal law through grass-roots legislative contact points.