“人大涉港决定”的地位、效力与功能

NPC/NPCSC Decision Concerning the Hong Kong Issue:Status,Effectiveness and Function

“人大涉港决定”是最高国家权力机关针对香港问题行使权力的规范载体,对于如何理解其地位、效力与功能,内地与香港学界未能形成共识,两方的分歧在“西九龙‘一地两检’司法审查案”中被集中体现。基于香港宪制结构的内涵,无论是依据宪法还是基本法所作的“人大决定”在香港均具有法律地位,过往香港学界对此予以区隔对待的观点在理论与实践层面无法自洽。当然,由于“人大涉港决定”内涵的多元性,其效力层级需要结合法源理论加以分析,“立法规则式决定”与“法律裁决式决定”属于效力渊源,可作为裁判依据加以适用,而“政治决断式决定”属于“认知渊源”,只能作为裁判理由加以援引。“人大涉港决定”根据其类型,分别具有型塑宪制结构、监督司法权与处理重大政治问题的复合式制度功能。

The NPC/NPCSC Decision is the normative carrier for the highest organs of state power to exercise power over the Hong Kong issue.The mainland and Hong Kong academia failed to form a consensus on how to understand their status,effectiveness and function.The differences between the two sides are reflected in the judicial review case of“Co-Location Arrangement”in West Kowloon.It should be pointed out that based on the connotation of Hong Kong’s constitutional structure,the NPC/NPCSC Decision made in accordance with the Constitution or the Basic Law has a legal status in Hong Kong,and the previous understandings from Hong Kong scholars cannot be consistent neither in the theoretical level nor in practical level.Because of the NPC/NPCSC Decision connotation of diversity,its effectiveness level need to combine the theory of source of law,“Legislative Decision”and“Legal ruling Decision”belongs to the effective origin,it can be used as a judgment basis to apply,and the“Sovereignty Decision”belongs to the cognitive origin,can only be cited as a judgment reason.From the perspective of functionalism,the NPC/NPCSC Decision has the compound institutional functions of“adjust constitutional structure”,“supervise judicial power”and“handle political issues”respectively.