膳食纤维的功能及其对母猪泌乳性能的影响

Function of dietary fiber and its effect on lactation performance of sows

膳食纤维最早被看做是一类不易被单胃动物吸收的植物性成分,因猪体内缺少可以消化纤维的酶,所以对于膳食纤维的消化能力非常有限,目前关于膳食纤维对猪生产的大部分研究是其对猪的抗营养作用。但随着对膳食纤维研究不断深入,发现膳食纤维对仔猪的腹泻,育肥猪的肠道稳态以及母猪泌乳性能都有一定改善作用。妊娠母猪其肠道的微生物数量要显著高于其他阶段,因此有很好利用膳食纤维的生理基础。膳食纤维在母猪的后肠道发酵可以产生挥发性脂肪酸,其中乙酸可以有效提升母猪初乳和常乳中乳脂的含量,从而增加仔猪的日增重。母猪的泌乳性能对我国养猪业的发展起着至关重要的作用,仔猪自出生到断奶基本靠母乳维持生长,母猪的泌乳能力决定着仔猪的成活率以及后期的健康发育。因此本文综述了膳食纤维的功能及其对母猪泌乳性能的影响,以更全面客观的了解膳食纤维和其在猪生产上的应用,为饲料配方设计提供参考。

Dietary fiber was originally regarded as a plant component that was not easily absorbed by monogastric animals.Pigs lack enzymes that digest fiber,so their ability to digest dietary fiber is limited.Most of its research on pig production has been on the anti-nutritional effects of pigs.However,with the continuous in-depth study of dietary fiber in recent years,it has been found that dietary fiber can improve diarrhea of piglets,intestinal homeostasis of finishing pigs and lactation performance of sows to a certain extent.The number of intestinal microbe in pregnant sows is significantly higher than that in other stages,so there is a physiological basis for good utilization of dietary fiber.Dietary fiber in post-intestinal fermentation of sows can produce volatile fatty acids,among which acetic acid can effectively increase milk fat content in colostrum and regular milk of sows and increase daily gain of piglets.The lactation performance of sows plays an important role in the development of pig industry in China.Piglets are basically maintained by breast milk from birth to weaning,and the lactation capacity of sows determines the survival rate and healthy development of piglets in later period.Therefore,the function of dietary fiber and its effect on the lactating performance of sows were reviewed,in order to have a more comprehensive and objective understanding of dietary fiber and its application in pig production,and provide reference for the design of feed formula.