三峡库区人类活动强度与景观格局的耦合响应

Coupling response of human activity intensity and landscape pattern in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

人类活动和景观格局是人地系统中两大要素的重要表征,探析人类活动强度与景观格局的耦合变化特征对揭示区域人地关系的演变意义重大。为弥补当前对人类活动强度与景观格局耦合响应研究的不足,构建了山区人类活动强度与景观格局耦合演变模型,提出了综合显性—隐性人类活动强度指数,定量评价了三峡库区腹地奉节县2000—2020年的人类活动强度,并通过双变量空间自相关模型探讨了综合人类活动强度与景观格局的空间耦合特征。研究表明:(1)奉节县的综合人类活动强度在时间上由2000年的11.59%增加为2020年的12.48%,在空间上表现为整体收缩,局部增强的特点,另外人类活动强度和景观格局的空间分布与奉节县的地形梯度密切相关;(2)奉节县的人类活动强度与景观格局空间耦合变化表现出协调型、拮抗型、逐渐协调型和逐渐拮抗型四种类型;(3)影响奉节县综合人类活动强度与景观格局的耦合变化的重要因子为距聚落距离、距县行政中心距离、高程等,社会经济因素逐渐成为区域社会生态系统演变主导因素;(4)三峡库区腹地人类活动强度与景观格局存在耦合响应,且其耦合响应具有一定的多样性和特殊性。三峡库区腹地通过沟谷土地集约化来换取山区的生态恢复,以局部的不协调换取整体的协调,整体达到了生态经济的双赢,这揭示了近年来中国山区景观格局对人类活动耦合响应的独特性。

Human activities and landscape pattern are important representations of two major elements in the human-land system. Therefore, analyzing coupling characteristics of human activity intensity and landscape patterns is of great significance to reveal the evolution of regional human-land relationships. In order to fill the hole on the coupling response of human activity intensity and landscape pattern, the mountainous human activity intensity and landscape pattern coupling model was constructed, and the comprehensive dominant-recessive human activity intensity index(CHAI) was proposed. Moreover, we quantitatively evaluated the human activities intensity of Fengjie County in the hinterland of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA) from 2000 to 2020, and analyzed spatial coupling patterns between the CHAI and landscape pattern through the bivariate spatial autocorrelation model. The results show that:(1) the CHAI of Fengjie County increased from 11.59% to 12.48% during 2000—2020, and the spatial change indicated the characteristics of closely related to the terrain gradient with overall shrinkage while local enhancement.(2) The spatial coupling between the CHAI and landscape pattern in Fengjie County shows four types: coordination type, antagonism type, gradually coordinated type, and gradually antagonistic type.(3) The important impact factors of the coupling between the CHAI and landscape pattern are distance to the settlement, distance to the county administrative center, elevation, and socio-economic factors become the main factors in the evolution of regional social ecosystem.(4) There are diverse and special coupling response between human activity intensity and landscape pattern in the hinterland of the TGRA. In general, the hinterland of TGRA has achieved win-win situation for the ecological and economy through partial disharmony in exchange for overall coordination. Moreover, the results reveal the uniqueness of China′s mountainous landscape pattern in response to human activities in recent years.