湖泊水动力变化对沉水植物的影响研究综述

Impacts of hydrodynamic variation on submerged macrophytes in lakes: a review

随着全球气候变化加剧及水利工程的快速发展,湖泊水动力状况发生了显著变化。通过影响湖泊水体和沉积物理化性质,水动力变化可以作用于沉水植物生存、生长与分布等方面。在长期适应进化过程中,沉水植物演化出了一系列有效的适应策略,能一定程度上克服水动力变化的负面影响。但当前湖泊水动力变化程度远超沉水植物适应上限,湖泊沉水植物消退已成为全球普遍现象。了解沉水植物适应水动力条件的过程有助于揭示湖泊沉水植被退化机制,为未来沉水植物的保护和恢复提供借鉴。因此,本文系统综述当前湖泊水动力变化成因,水动力变化对沉水植物的不利影响及沉水植物适应策略,包括:繁殖对策、形态学对策、生理对策等。同时,综述当前研究进展,今后还需大力加强沉水植物解剖学及物种忍耐力差异方面的研究。

As the consequences of global climate anomalies and the rapid development of hydraulic engineering, the hydrological condition of lake ecosystem has been greatly altered. By affecting the physico-chemical properties of water and sediment, the hydrodynamic variation can affect the survival, growth and distribution of submerged macrophytes. After long-term adaptive evolution, the submerged macrophytes have evolved a series of strategies to overcome the negative effects of hydrodynamic variation to a certain extent. However, at present, the degree of hydrological variation has far exceeded the adaptive capacity of the submerged macrophytes, and the catastrophic loss of submerged macrophytes has become a common phenomenon all over the world. Understanding the adaptive process of submerged macrophytes to hydrodynamic variation is the scientific basis for us to reveal the degradation mechanisms of submerged macrophytes and to design guidelines for their protection and restoration in the future. In this study, the cause of hydrodynamic variation in freshwater lakes, its consequences on submerged macrophytes, and the underlying mechanisms for submerged macrophytes to acclimate to the stress were summarized, including reproductive, morphological, and physiological strategies. Further studies on the anatomy and species-specific responses should be strengthened.