对“民主失效”与“反对民主”问题的辨析——针对“民主发展=西方化”命题的两个反思维度

Analysis on the Problems of“Failure of Democracy”and“Opposition to Democracy”:the Dual Dimensions of Reflection on the Thesis of“Democratic Development Equals Westernization”

西方民主与非西方民主的道统与治绩之争,构成了当代世界民主发展的重要议题。要实现民主回归其多样性发展正轨的目标,必须在深刻系统地反思“民主发展=西方化”命题的基础上,将民主从其西方单一形态的束缚中解放出来。为此,沿着非西方化道路发展民主的国家不仅要坚守民主发展可行性的底线,更需要从澄清对西方民主的误解、讲明非西方化的发展趋势、批判西方民主实践与总结“民主化”教训的角度,建构起针对西方民主失效问题的经验性反思维度;并在此基础上进一步发现西方民主理论内含中的反民主矛盾,从检讨其在价值导向、议题设置和观点引导等方面所刻意造成的误导入手,建构起针对西方民主反对民主问题的理论性反思维度。由此,包括中国在内的后发国家民主发展就将不再受到“如何实现西方化转型”问题的误导,从而也为更加聚焦于解决如何发展真民主、好民主的问题创造出全新的理论前提。

The dispute between the orthodoxy and governance performance of Western democracy and non-Western democracy constitutes a new topic for the democracy development in the contemporary world.To realize the goal of democracy returning to its diversified development,we must liberate democracy from its single western form based on deeply and systematically reflection on the premise of Westernization for democratic development.Therefore,countries developing democracy along the path of non-Westernization need not only adhere to the bottom line of the feasibility of democratic development,but also build an empirical reflection on the failure of Western democracy from the perspective of clarifying misunderstandings about western democracy and the development trend of non-westernization,criticizing western democratic practices and drawing the lessons from“democratization”.Furthermore,we need to find the anti-democratic contradiction in the connotation of Western democracy theory by reviewing its misleading in terms of value orientation,topic setting and viewpoint guidance,and to construct a theoretical reflection on the problem of Western democracy against democracy.On this basis,the democratic development in developing countries,including China,will no longer be misled by the problem of“how to realize Westernization transformation”,which facilitates to create a new theoretical premise for focusing more on how to develop true and good democracy.