互联网使用、生活性服务业扩张与劳动收入分化

Internet Use,Consumer Service Industry Expansion and Labor Income Differentiation

本文应用2017年中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据并结合2020年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,考察互联网使用对不同技术劳动力劳动收入的影响。研究发现:互联网使用对劳动收入的影响满足数字鸿沟分层理论的“幂次定律”,即数字技术扩散具备普惠性,但对于不同受教育水平群体的作用效果存在差异,受教育程度越高获益越大。机制分析表明,一方面,互联网使用有助于劳动者签订劳动合同和延长工作时间,从而提高劳动收入,并且该效应在高技术劳动力中更显著;另一方面,互联网发展催生了各行业变革,高技术劳动力相对于低技术劳动力更可能从事高复杂度职业,随着职业复杂度提高,互联网对其劳动收入的促进作用更强。而且互联网发展所带来的生活性服务业扩张能促进互联网对低技术劳动力收入提升的正效应。

Using the data from the 2017 China Comprehensive Social Survey(CGSS)and 2020 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),this paper investigates the impact of Internet use on labor income of laborers with different skill levels.The study finds that the impact of Internet use on labor income satisfies the“power law”of the stratification theory,which means that the diffusion of digital technology is universal,but there are differences in the impact on groups with different education levels.The higher the education level is,the greater benefit one receives.Mechanism analysis shows that,on the one hand,Internet use helps workers sign formal labor contracts and prolong their working hours,thereby increasing labor income,and this effect is more significant among high-skilled laborers.On the other hand,the development of the Internet has spawned changes in various industries.Compared with low-skilled labor,high-skilled labor is more likely to engage in more complex occupations,and the Internet plays a stronger role in increasing their labor income.The expansion of consumer services brought about by the development of the Internet can enhance the positive effect of the Internet use on the income of low-skilled labor.