明清时期科举考试对南京城市经济的影响

The Influence of Imperial Examinations on Nanjing’s Urban Economy in Ming and Qing Dynasties

从南京这一个案可以看出,明清科举考试具有的人口聚集效应,使城市流动人口迅速增加。激增的“科举人口”带来无限商机,为城市经济发展提供历史机遇,促进了城市各种经济行业的繁荣。明清时期科举考试对南京城市经济行业的影响,在饮食业、旅店业、图书业、旅游业、娱乐业等五个方面表现得最为突出。但是,促进经济发展并不是科举考试影响的全部,积极作用之外,消极影响也不可忽视。对于明清城市经济而言,科举考试可以说是一把双刃剑,积极作用与消极影响共生并存。

From the case of Nanjing,we can see that the imperial examination population in Ming and Qing Dynasties had a population aggregation effect,which led to the rapid increase of urban floating population.The surge of“imperial examination population”had brought unlimited business opportunities,provided historical opportunities for urban economic development and promoted the prosperity of various economic industries in the city.During Ming and Qing Dynasties,the impact of imperial examinations on Nanjing’s urban economy was most prominent in catering industry,hotel industry,book industry,tourism and entertainment industry.However,the promotion of economic development by imperial examinations was not the whole.In addition to its positive effect,the negative effects can not be ignored.For the urban economy of Ming and Qing Dynasties,the imperial examination can be seen as a double-edged sword,with positive and negative effects coexisting.