衣康酸酐型反应性表面活性剂的合成与性能研究

Synthesis and Properties of Reactive Surfactants Based on Itaconic Anhydride

以长链脂肪醇和衣康酸酐为原料,通过单酯化反应合成了十二醇衣康酸钠(C_(12))、异构十三醇衣康酸钠(C_(13-iso))和十六醇衣康酸钠(C_(16))三种反应性表面活性剂。反应条件为:n(长链脂肪醇)∶n(衣康酸酐)=1∶1,温度为70℃,反应时间为8 h。在该条件下各产物的产率均在90%以上。通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振氢谱(^(1)H NMR)和元素分析对产物进行了表征,并对产物的乳化力、表面活性和胶束化热力学性质进行了研究。结果表明:制得的三种反应性表面活性剂均具有较好的表面活性,C_(12)、C_(13-iso)、C_(16)的临界胶束浓度分别是2.34 mmol/L、4.73 mmol/L和1.55 mmol/L,可以将水的表面张力分别降至26.61 mN/m、25.83 mN/m和33.14 mN/m。三种表面活性剂的乳化力均优于十二烷基硫酸钠,乳化能力强弱的顺序为:C_(12)>C_(13iso)>C_(16)。

Three reactive surfactants were synthesized from long chain fatty alcohol and itaconic anhydride,which were named lauryl itaconate sodium(C_(12)),iso-tridecyl itaconate sodium(C_(13-iso)),cetyl itaconate sodium(C_(16)),respectively.The reaction conditions were as follows:n(long chain fatty alcohol)∶n(itaconic anhydride)=1∶1,reaction at 70℃ for 8 h.The yields were all above 90% under these conditions.The products were characterized by using FT-IR,1H NMR and elemental analysis.Their emulsifying power,surface activity and micellar thermodynamics were investigated.The obtained three reactive surfactants exhibited high surface activity.The C_(12),C_(13-iso) and C_(16) could reduce the surface tension of water to 26.61 mN/m,25.83 mN/m and 33.14 mN/m,and their critical micelle concentrations were 2.34 mmol/L,4.73 mmol/L and 1.55 mmol/L,respectively.The emulsifying power of the three surfactants is better than that of sodium dodecyl sulfate,and the order of emulsifying power is C_(12)>C_(13-iso)>C_(16).