京津冀城市紧凑度变化测度与分析

Measurement and analysis of urban compactness changes in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei

当前京津冀在快速城市化进程中出现了城市污染、用地混乱、建成区无序蔓延等问题,城市紧凑型发展有利于有效缓解这些问题。因此,利用京津冀城市社会经济统计数据构建综合紧凑度测度指标体系及模型,探讨城市紧凑度时空间演变特征及规律。结果发现:生态环境协同紧凑和经济紧凑对京津冀城市综合紧凑度影响较大,而公共服务紧凑贡献较小;京津冀城市综合紧凑度自西南向北部逐渐降低,紧凑度较高的城市多分布于京津冀西南和中部地区,出现了以石家庄市和北京市为中心的紧凑型城市圈。相对河北而言,北京和天津综合紧凑度变化趋势较平缓;京津冀城市综合紧凑度整体小幅提升,城市间差距不断减小;紧凑度等级大部分处于中低水平;紧凑度空间异质性显著。最后,提出京津冀在推进紧凑型城市建设时,应将人口密度、就业空间、基础设施建设、居住空间、生态空间等多方面纳入考量。

In addressing the issues such as urban pollution, chaotic land use, and disorderly spread of built-up areas in the process of rapid urbanization, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region adopted a compact urban development approach to effectively alleviate these problems. To monitoring the effectiveness of this approach, a comprehensive measurement index system and model was constructed in this paper, in which the temporal and spatial evolution of socio-economic data were discussed in terms of urban compactness. The results show that the regional coordinated compactness of the ecological environment and economic activities had greater contribution to the urban comprehensive compactness, while the compactness of public services had less contribution.Spatially, the urban comprehensive compactness in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region dropped from southwest to north, and high compactness cities tended to distribute at the southwest and central region, centered on Shijiazhuang, the capital of Hebei province and Beijing, the capital of China. Comparing with Hebei, the change of comprehensive compactness in Beijing and Tianjin was relatively flat;while the comprehensive compactness had generally increased slightly in the whole region;the gap between cities had decreased continuously. The most compactness levels were at low and medium ones with significant spatial heterogeneity.Finally, the paper proposed that many aspects including population density, employment space, infrastructure construction, living space, and ecological space should also be taken into consideration in the future in promoting the construction of compact cities in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.