稀土矿区植物修复研究进展

Progress of phytoremediation in rare earth mining area

稀土资源过度开采严重地破坏了生态环境,矿区生态修复亟待解决。综述了我国稀土矿区的污染现状,归纳了矿区先锋植物和超积累植物对稀土元素的富集和耐受机制;探究了土壤改良剂在矿区植物修复过程中的作用,以及根际微生物与植物联合修复的机制;分析了Proteobacteria(变形杆菌门)、Firmicutes(厚壁菌门)、Acidobacteria(酸杆菌门)等菌群成为植物修复中优势类群的影响因素。最后对根际微生物与植物联用在矿区生态修复中的研究与应用做出了展望。

Excessive exploitation of rare earth resources has severely damaged the ecological environment, and the mining areas need restoration urgently. Pollution status of rare earth mining areas in China was summarized. The mechanisms of phytoremediation by hyperaccumulator and the role of pioneer plants in the process of mining area remediation were analyzed. Functions and mechanisms of soil amendments in accelerating the phytoremediation were explored, and the remediation combined rhizosphere microorganisms with plants were summarized. Factors of the dominant phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Acidobacteria in phytoremediation were also analyzed. Furthermore, applications of rhizosphere microorganisms combined with plants in mining restoration were put forward.