农作物生产专业化、技术效率与农户种植收入

Crop production specialization,technical efficiency and farmers'planting income

基于湖北省866个农户微观调查数据,在构建“农作物生产专业化-种植业技术效率-农户种植收入”理论分析框架的基础上,实证研究了农作物生产专业化对农户种植收入的平均和异质性影响,以及种植业技术效率在其中发挥的中介效应。结果表明:农作物生产专业化对农户种植收入具有显著的促进作用,表明中国的“大国小农”由传统“小而全”的多样化生产模式转向农作物生产专业化为其收入增加提供了新的路径;农作物生产专业化对农户种植收入的影响具有明显的异质性,主要表现为对高收入分位点农户、山区农户的农业增收效应更强;农作物生产专业化对农户种植收入的影响很大一部分是通过作用于种植业技术效率施加的,其中介效应的影响占到34.99%。因此,应积极引导并鼓励广大农户由传统“小而全”的“多样化小农”转变为“专业化小农”,并注重技术效率在收入增长中的助推作用,大力培育有文化、懂技术、善经营、会管理的新型职业农民与新型农业经营主体,以更大程度地发挥农作物生产专业化的农业增收效果。

Based on the microscopic survey data of 866 farmers in Hubei province in 2016,it constructed the theoretical analysis framework of crop production specialization,technical efficiency,and farmers income,and made an emperical study on the average and heterogeneous effects of crop production specialization on farmers’planting income and the mediating effect of technical efficiency.The results show that the specialization has a significant promoting effect on farmers'planting income,indicating that Chinese farmers’s shift from the traditional“small and complete”planting mode to the specialization provides a new way for farmers to increase their income.The influence of specialization on farmers’planting income is obviously heterogeneous,which is mainly manifested in the stronger effect of agricultural income increase on high-income farmers and mountainous farmers.A large part of the effect is exerted by the technical efficiency of planting industry,and the mediating effect accounts for 34.99%.Therefore,we should actively guide and encourage farmers to transform from the traditional planting patterns to a specialized one,,stress the boosting role of technical efficiency,and cultivate new professional farmers who are literate,skilled in technology,good at operation and management in order to develop the agricultural increase effect of crop production specialization to greater extent.