木果楝属柠檬苦素类似物及其生物活性的研究进展

Research progress on limonoids in Xylocarpus and their biological activities

木果楝属Xylocarpus植物中包含丰富的萜类、生物碱类、多酚类、黄酮类、甾体类等化学成分,其中具有广泛生物活性和多环体系的柠檬苦素类化合物是其最主要的次生代谢产物。柠檬苦素是一类具有独特结构的高度氧化的四降三萜类化合物,葛杜宁、andirobin、墨西哥内酯、phragmalin等多种结构类型的柠檬苦素及其类似物在木果楝属植物中普遍存在,具有抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗氧化、镇痛、抗炎、抗焦虑、镇静、保护神经、改善睡眠等药理作用,还具有昆虫拒食、杀虫等生物活性。对2010—2021年报道的木果楝属216个柠檬苦素类化合物及其生物活性的研究进展进行综述,为丰富该类资源的新药开发提供思路。

The plants of Xylocarpus are rich in terpenoids,alkaloids,polyphenols,flavonoids,steroids,etc.Limonoids with extensive bioactivities and polycyclic system are the main secondary metabolites of Xylocarpus plants.Limonoids are a class of highly oxidized tetranortriterpenoids with a unique structure.Various structural types of limonoids,such as gedunin,andirobin,mexicanolide,phragmalin,are prevalent in the Xylocarpus plants.Limonoids have various pharmacological activities such as anti-tumor,anti-virus,anti-oxidation,analgesia,anti-inflammatory,anti-anxiety and sedation,nerve protection and sleep improvement.They also have biological activities such as insect anti-feeding and insecticidal activities.Research progress on 216 limonoids in Xylocarpus from 2010 to 2021 and their biological activities were reviewed in this paper,in order to enrich the new drug development ideas of limonoids.