中国第四代应急管理体系:逻辑与框架

The Fourth Generation of China’s Emergency Management:Logic and Framework

伴随全球风险社会的加速展开,新兴风险、巨灾、跨界危机不断涌现和多重叠加,增加了突发事件的不确定性,对应急管理的适应性提出了更高的要求。经过七十余年的实践探索,中国发展了三代应急管理体系,提升了政府内部的多主体协同,体现了应急管理的回应性、综合性和专门性。要应对新兴风险、巨灾、跨界危机的挑战,中国需要走向第四代应急管理体系,以提升适应性为中心,在坚持政府主导的基础上,充分发挥基于知识交互形成的专家共同体、经由资源流动连接的企业共同体、通过观点和情绪表达强化的网民共同体等重要结构性力量的作用,推动结构优化、制度创新和观念转型,使应急管理体系成为更加开放的系统,既主动防范“灰犀牛”,又高效应对“黑天鹅”,进一步提升治理效能。

With the accelerated unfolding of the global risk society,the emergence and superposition of emerging risks,catastrophes and trans-boundary crises have increased the uncertainty of public emergencies and put forward higher requirements for the adaptability of emergency management.After more than 70 years of practice and exploration,China has developed three generations of emergency management systems,which have improved multi-agency coordination within the governments and reflected the responsiveness,comprehensiveness and specialization of emergency management.To deal with the challenges of emerging risks,catastrophes and trans-boundary crises,China needs to set up the fourth-generation emergency management system,centering on improving adaptability,adhering to government-led,giving full play to the role of important structural forces on the basis of the expert community formed on knowledge interactions,the enterprises community connected by resource flow,and the netizens community strengthened by the expression of opinions and emotions.Through structural optimization,institutional innovation and conceptual transformation,the emergency management system is promoted to become a more open system that can preactively prevent“Gray Rhinos”and effectively respond to“Black Swans”,further highlighting the regime advantages and governance efficiency.