糖尿病健康教育方式的持续改进效果

Effect of continuous improvement of health education mode in diabetes mellitus

目的探讨糖尿病患者健康教育方式的持续改进,为患者提供更高效可行的宣教模式,帮助患者控制好血糖,有效提高患者自我管理能力,延缓糖尿病并发症的发生发展。方法2016年2月至2021年1月福建医科大学附属第一医院内分泌科对糖尿病患者健康教育模式在原有基础上进行了5次改进,包括临床路径健康教育、多元化健康教育、智能管理app教育模式、电子处方健康教育模式、全程代谢病管理模式。采用随机抽样方法,每年抽取200例糖尿病住院患者为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表及糖尿病自我效能量表对其进行调查。结果健康教育模式的每次改进后,糖尿病患者的自我管理能力均较前有效提高。教育后患者的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖高于教育前水平,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2016、2017、2018、2019、2020—2021年,患者接受教育后的自我效能总分分别为(126.12±32.72)、(135.19±30.48)、(140.44±27.18)、(146.52±26.77)、(158.91±21.31)分,高于教育前总分[分别为(89.25±30.13)、(93.59±34.68)、(87.80±27.06)、(96.34±34.99)、(95.54±35.40)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论科学有效的健康教育模式能帮助患者提高自我管理效能,多样化的健康教育形式能纠正患者的不良行为和生活习惯。医务人员在对患者进行教育管理时应注重该方式是否具有可行性和针对性,动态关注,及时改进,从而为患者提供更全面、系统的健康教育。

Objective To explore the continuous improvement of health education mode for diabetic patients,and to provide more effective and feasible propaganda and education mode for patients,help patients control blood sugar,effectively improve their self-management ability,and delay the occurrence and development of diabetic complications.Methods From February 2016 to January 2021,Department of Endocrinology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University improved the health education mode for diabetes patients for 5 times on the original basis,including clinical pathway health education,diversified health education,intelligent management app education mode,electronic prescription health education mode,and whole-process metabolic disease management mode.Using random sampling method,200 inpatients with diabetes were selected as the research objects every year,and the general data questionnaire and diabetes self-efficacy scale were used to investigate.Results Each improvement of health education mode effectively improved the self-management ability of diabetic patients.Fasting blood glucose and 2 h postprandial blood glucose in patients after education were higher than those before education,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).In 2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,the total scores of self-efficacy after education were(126.12±32.72),(135.19±30.48),(140.44±27.18),(146.52±26.77)and(158.91±21.31)points respectively,were higher than those before education,which were(89.25±30.13),(93.59±34.68),(87.80±27.06),(96.34±34.99),(95.54±35.40)points respectively,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Scientific and effective health education mode can help patients improve self-management efficiency,and diversified forms of health education can correct patients′bad behavior and living habits.When educating and managing patients,medical staff should pay attention to whether this method is feasible and targeted,pay dynamic attention and improve in time,so as to provide more comprehensive and systematic health education for patients.