红细胞免疫调控功能的研究进展

Advances in the Study of the Immunoregulatory Functions of Erythrocytes

红细胞内富含血红蛋白,血红蛋白可以根据氧分压的高低与氧气结合或解离。除氧气运输外,红细胞可通过免疫黏附、调节补体系统活性、直接杀伤病原体等机制执行免疫调控功能。哺乳动物与非哺乳动物内处于不同发育阶段的红细胞分别具有各自的免疫功能,并且通过多种机制来执行免疫调控功能。随着对红细胞免疫功能研究的不断进展,哺乳动物CD71^(+)有核红细胞已被证实在多种生理与病理模型中发挥着免疫调控功能,在机体正常发育过程以及疾病的发生发展中起到了重要的作用。使用单细胞转录组测序技术可以研究红细胞群体内的异质性,具有免疫特性的免疫红细胞亚群展现出广泛的临床应用价值。

Erythrocytes are rich in hemoglobin,which can combine or dissociate with oxygen according to the oxygen partial pressure.In addition to oxygen transport,erythrocytes can perform immunoregulatory functions through immune adhesion,regulating the activity of the complement system,and directly killing pathogens.Erythrocytes at different developmental stages in mammals and non-mammals have been reported to have their immune functions,and the mechanisms by which they perform immune regulation are also varied.With the continuous research about the immune functions of red blood cells,CD71^(+)erythroblasts in mammals have been verified to exert immunoregulatory functions in a diversity of physiological and pathological models,and they play important roles during normal development processes and pathogenesis of diseases.The heterogeneity within erythroblasts can be studied by single-cell RNA sequencing technique,and the immune-biased erythrocytes have shown promising clinical application values.