基于DNA宏条形码技术的蓝彩带蜂粉源植物多样性研究

Analysis of species and diversities in the pollen plants of Nomia chalybeata(Hymenoptera:Halictidae)using DNA metabarcoding technique

蓝彩带蜂(Nomia chalybeate Smith,1875)隶属隧蜂科彩带蜂属,是一种典型的广访花性野生蜜蜂,广泛分布于我国东部地区及日本、韩国、印度、缅甸等国家。本研究基于我国东部9个省份18个不同样地20份蓝彩带蜂蜂粮样本,包括安徽省(AHGZ、AHJZ)、重庆市(CQSMS、CQWS)、福建省(FJSM)、广西(GXHP、GXLZ)、湖南省(HNHY、HNQY)、海南省(HNLS、HNWC)、江西省(JXGX、JXJG6、JXJG8、JXQY6、JXQY8、JXYZ)、山东省(SDLL)、浙江省(ZJCS)。利用DNA宏条形码研究该蜂粉源植物的多样性,为全面掌握该蜂的粉源植物及保护策略提供理论依据。结果表明该蜂粉源植物共涉及47科,99属,124种,其中黄荆(Vitex negundo)是最优势种、其次是罗伞树(Ardisia quinquegona)和山莓(Rubus corchorifolius)。Alpha多样性指数分析显示:SDLL样本的物种丰富度和多样性最高,FJSM样本的丰富度和多样性最低。不同样地的粉源植物多样性具有差异,但该蜂同一样地不同时期的粉源植物多样性及结构无显著差异,主要粉源植物无变化,表明在同一样地该蜂成虫活动期主要粉源植物的变化不大。

Nomia chalybeata is a typical polylectic bee species,belonging to the genus Nomia of the family Halictidae.It is widely distributed in eastern China,Japan,South Korea,India,Myanmar,and other countries.In this study,20 bee bread samples of N.chalybeata were collected from 18 different places in 9 provinces in eastern China,including Anhui Province(AHGZ,AHJZ),Chongqing City(CQSMS,CQWS),Fujian Province(FJSM),Guangxi Province(GXHP,GXLZ),Hunan Province(HNHY,HNQY),Hainan Province(HNLS,HNWC),Jiangxi Province(JXGX,JXJG6,JXJG8,JXQY6,JXQY8,JXYZ),Shandong Province(SDLL),Zhejiang Province(ZJCS).We studied the diversity in the pollen plants of N.chalybeata based on a DNA metabarcoding,so as to provided theoretical basis for comprehensive understanding the pollen plants and protection strategies.The results showed that there were 47 families,99 genera and 124 species.Vitex negundo was the most dominant species,followed by Ardisia quinquegona and Rubus corchorifolius.According to the indices of alpha diversity,the species richness and diversity of the sample SDLL were the highest,the sample FJSM were the lowest.The diversity of different sample plot were different.In addition,there was no significant difference in the diversity and structure of pollen plants at different time periods in the same area,and there was no change in the main pollen plants,indicating that the main pollen plants during the adult active period did not change much in the same area.