兰州市西固区大气污染对呼吸系统的健康效应

Health effects of air pollution on respiratory system in Xigu District of Lanzhou City

大气污染极易诱发各类呼吸系统疾病,对人体健康造成严重损害。运用Poisson回归的时间序列广义相加模型(GAM)和人群分层的分析方法,探究了2014-2018年兰州市西固区大气污染对呼吸系统的健康效应。结果表明:(1)PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_(2)、NO_(2)、O_(3)8h和CO对呼吸系统疾病的发生存在滞后效应,其浓度每升高10μg/m^(3)(CO升高1 mg/m^(3)),在最佳滞后天数,疾病住院量分别增加1.06%、1.04%、1.10%、1.07%、0.97%和3.83%,气态污染物(SO_(2)和NO_(2))暴露是诱发呼吸系统疾病的重要风险因素;(2)PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_(2)和NO_(2)对肺炎的影响最大,且对女性健康的危害稍高于男性,O_(3)8h对慢性阻塞性肺病的影响最大,且对男性患病的影响稍高于女性;(3)0-14岁儿童是呼吸系统疾病的易感人群,其次是≥65岁老年人群;(4)冬春季节是呼吸系统疾病的高发期,采暖期呼吸系统患病的滞后期比非采暖期提前了约2-6 d;(5)PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)和CO是呼吸系统疾病住院人数增加的独立危险因素,SO_(2)暴露对不同分层结果的影响均最为显著。

Air pollution is easy to induce all kinds of respiratory diseases,causing serious damage to human health.In this study,the health effects of air pollution on respiratory system in Xigu District of Lanzhou from 2014 to 2018 were investigated by using the time series generalized additive model(GAM)of Poisson regression and the analysis method of population stratification.The results showed that:(1)Air pollutants such as PM_(2.5),PM_(10),SO_(2),NO_(2),O_(3)8h and CO had a lag effect on the occurrence of respiratory diseases.For every 10μg/m^(3) increasing in pollutant concentration(1 mg/m^(3) increasing in CO),the increasing of hospitalization for respiratory diseases were 1.06%,1.04%,1.10%,1.07%,0.97%and 3.83%,respectively,in the best lag days.Gaseous pollutants(SO_(2) and NO_(2))were more harmful to human respiratory system than particulate matter(PM_(2.5) and PM_(10)).(2)PM_(2.5),PM_(10),SO_(2) and NO_(2) had the greatest impact on pneumonia,and the harm to women′s health was slightly higher than that of men.O_(3)8h had the greatest impact on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,and the impact on men′s disease was slightly higher than that of women.Asthma,upper respiratory tract infection and bronchitis were significantly affected by SO_(2).(3)People aged 0-14 years were the most susceptible group of respiratory diseases,followed by those aged≥65 years.(4)Winter and spring were the high incidence period of respiratory diseases.The concentration of pollutants and the number of hospitalized patients with respiratory diseases in a single day in the heating period were higher than those in the non⁃heating period,and the lag period of respiratory diseases in the heating period was about 2-6 days earlier than that in the non⁃heating period.(5)In the multi pollutant model,the interaction of different pollutants had synergistic or antagonistic effects on respiratory diseases.Among them,PM_(2.5),PM_(10) and CO were independent risk factors for the increasing in the number of hospitalized residents with respiratory diseases in Xigu District,and SO_(2) exposure had the most significant influence on the results of different stratification.