从“意识独占”到“感觉独占”——论网络文学“新文类”的存在形态及沉浸式体验的嬗变

From “Conscious Exclusivity” to “Sensory Exclusivity”:On the Existence of “New Literature Category” in Net Literature and the Transmutation of Immersive Experience

网络文学包括“类型文”和“新文类”两幅面孔,前者是当前国内网文研究的主流,后者则常常被忽略。而事实上“新文类”的种类繁多、形态独特,主要包括超文本、多媒体文本、互动文本和机器文本四种类型,具体形态有超文本小说、多向诗,文字造景型、语图互文型和多媒体文学,互动小说、接龙小说和文字游戏作品,以及生成艺术、定位叙事和人工智能作品等。其文本内在性质和读者审美体验也发生了重要嬗变,即在文本性质上,“新文类”从“人工制品”走向“机器诗意”;在审美体验上,则从“意识独占”走向“感觉独占”。注意到这种嬗变,对“新文类”的恰当定位以及未来发展都有着重要的价值和意义。

Net literature includes two faces, “genre literature” and “new literature category”, the former being the mainstream of current domestic research, while the latter is often neglected. In fact, there are many different types and unique forms of “new literature category” in net literature, including hypertext, multimedia text, interactive text and machine text. Specific forms include hypertext fiction, multidirectional poetry, textual scene-making, language-graphic intertextuality and multimedia literature, interactive fiction, solitaire fiction and word game works, as well as generative art, locative narrative and artificial intelligence works. In terms of textual nature and readers’ aesthetic experience, the “new literature category” has undergone important transmutations, i.e., in terms of textual nature, the “new literature category” has moved from “artifact” to “machine poetry”;In terms of aesthetic experience, it has moved from “conscious exclusivity” to “sensory exclusivity”. Noting the transmutation is of great value and significance to the proper positioning and future development of the “new literature category”.