2020—2021年大同市某院抗菌药物不良反应回顾性分析

Retrospective analysis on adverse reactions of antibacterial drugs in a hospital in Datong from 2020 to 2021

目的研究2020—2021年大同市某医院抗菌药物不良反应发生情况及其相关因素。方法回顾性分析2020年9月至2021年9月大同市第三人民医院上报的300例抗菌药物不良反应报告,统计患者性别、年龄、抗菌药物使用种类、抗菌药物给药途径、不良反应累及器官或系统情况、转归情况、不良反应严重程度以及关联性。结果 300例不良反应事件中,男性138例(46.00%),女性162例(54.00%);0~14岁61例(20.33%),67~86岁97例(32.33%);静脉给药241例,口服给药59例;共使用7类抗菌药物,其中头孢菌素类抗菌药物占比最多(42.33%),其后排序依次为喹诺酮类、青霉素类、大环内酯类、糖肽类、硝基咪唑类以及碳青霉烯类抗菌药物;不良反应主要累及的器官或系统,包括皮肤及其附件、消化系统、呼吸系统、全身性损害、神经系统、泌尿系统以及心血管系统。300例不良反应中轻度177例(59.00%),中度91例(30.33%),重度32例(10.67%);不良反应与抗菌药物关联性中,肯定35例(11.67%),很可能257例(85.67%),可能8例(2.66%),无不太可能、未评价以及无法评价的不良反应;患者转归情况中,痊愈271例(90.33%),好转29例(9.67%),无一例死亡。结论抗菌药物不良反应可累及皮肤或多个系统,且与多种因素密切相关,包括患者年龄、性别,抗菌药物的给药途径及种类等,临床使用抗菌药物治疗需要结合患者自身因素,合理选择药物种类及给药途径,同时还要避免药物过敏反应的发生。

Objective To study the adverse reactions of antibacterial drugs and related factors in a hospital in Datong from 2020 to 2021.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the report of 300 cases with adverse reactions to antibacterial drugs treated in Datong Third People’s Hospital from September 2020 to September 2021.The gender,age,types of antibiotics used,routes of antibiotics administration,organ or system conditions involved by adverse reactions,outcomes,and severity of adverse reactions and their correlations were counted.Results Among the 300 cases with adverse events,there were 138 males(46.00%)and 162 females(54.00%);61 cases(20.33%)were 0-14 years old,and 97 cases(32.33%)were 67-86 years old;241 cases had intravenous administration,and 59 cases had oral administration.There were 7 kinds of antibacterial drugs;among them,usage rate of cephalosporin antibacterial drugs was the highest(42.33%),followed by quinolone,penicillin,macrolide,glycopeptide,nitroimidazole and carbapenem antibacterial drugs;the main organs or systems involved included skin and corresponding appendages,digestive system,respiratory system,systemic damage,nervous system,urinary system and cardiovascular system.Among the 300 cases,there were 177 cases(59.00%)with mild adverse reactions,91 cases(30.33%)with moderate adverse reactions,and 32 cases(10.67%)with severe adverse reactions.In the association between adverse reactions and antibacterial drugs,there were 35 cases(11.67%)with certain results,257 cases(85.67%)with probable results,and 8 cases(2.66%)with possible results.There was no one with unlikely,not evaluated and unevaluable adverse reactions.In terms of outcomes,271 cases(90.33%)were cured,29 cases(9.67%)were improved,and no one died.Conclusions The adverse reactions of antibiotics can involve the skin or multiple systems,which are closely related to a variety of factors,including age,gender,usage types and administration routes of antibacterial drugs.In clinical usage of antibacterial drugs,reasonable choices of drug types and appropriate administration routes should be conducted based on patients’factors,and the occurrence of drug allergic reactions should be avoided.