解读蒂姆·英格尔德的造物和设计人类学理论

An Interpretation of Tim Ingold’s Anthropological Theory of Making and Design

英国人类学家蒂姆·英格尔德从生物学和生态人类学的维度对造物和设计进行别样的解释,其主要观点有:(1)“造物如同生长”,物的形态在内外作用力的场域中逐渐生成,如同有机体生长一样;(2)“设计即预见”,设计不仅与造物共生,而且面向物的未来。他反驳“形式质料说”下设计和造物分离的论调;他还强调两者是人介入到物的生命流动中的活动,在此过程中人应该洞悉并整合人—物—技术—环境的关系,使两者具有有机和共生的条件。

British anthropologist Tim Ingeld interpreted making and design differently from the dimensions of biology and ecological anthropology.His views are as follows:1."Making as Growing",the form of things is gradually generated in the field of internal and external forces,just like the growth of organics;2."Design is Foresight",design not only coexists with making,but also faces the future state of things.Ingold refuted the argument that design and creation were separated under the influence of hylomorphism;he also emphasized that the two are activities in which people intervene in the life flow of things,in this process,people understand and integrate the relationship between people,things,technology and environment to make them have organic and symbiotic conditions.