数字经济视角下数据跨境规则的困境与回应

Dilemma and Responses of Cross-Border Data Transfer Rules from the Perspective of Digital Economy

随着数字经济的发展,数据跨境规则的探索与国际贸易联系日益紧密,在传统数据跨境的专门规则外,外资安全的审查范围扩展至数据跨境行为,各国开始通过双边或多边贸易协定开展数据跨境合作。这种联系在推动数据跨境规则探索的同时,也存在监管机构与数据传输企业的权力配置失衡、纠纷解决机制缺位问题;具有拉大数字鸿沟和不合理增加企业负担的潜在风险。鉴于上述问题,我国宜在构建本国数据出境制度中平衡数据出境自由化与安全保障的需求,在数据出境安全评估的建设中完善监管机构的持续监督和企业沟通机制;在国际层面推进构建合理有序的国际数据跨境合作体系,关注数据跨境流动背后的国家发展利益,推动数据跨境合作惠及不同国家,帮助弥补数字鸿沟。

With the development of the digital economy, the exploitation of rules on cross-border data transfers is closely connected with international trade corporations. Beyond traditional specialized data transfer rules, the national security review for foreign investment has expanded its scope to cross-border data transfers, and countries have begun to conduct data transfer corporations through free trade agreements. While such close connection is effective in exploring operatable rules, it also faces the problems of the power imbalance between regulating institutions and data transfer companies, lack of effective dispute resolute platforms. It also risks expanding the digital divide and unfairly imposing a high burden on international companies who conduct cross-border data transfers. Drawing lessons from the above issues, China should balance the demand for data liberalization and security, promote institutional ongoing monitoring and communication mechanism with corporations in building data exit security assessment system. On the international level, China should promote a rational and orderly cooperation system for cross-border data transfers, focus on the national development interests behind cross-border data transfers, promote the cross-border cooperation of data to benefit different countries, and bridge the digital divide.