巨噬细胞在心肌损伤修复中的调控机制研究进展

Research progress on the regulatory mechanism of macrophages in the repair of myocardial injury

巨噬细胞是存在于机体组织中的一类免疫细胞,它对天然免疫、组织发育、维持稳态和受损组织的修复至关重要。在心肌损伤的修复中,巨噬细胞不仅通过吞噬作用直接消除坏死组织,也通过抗原提呈调节局部免疫系统进行修复,而后者是一个极其复杂的过程。过去研究发现巨噬细胞在受损心肌的修复中存在M1与M2两种极化状态,前者促炎,后者抑制。随着近些年基础学科的迅速发展,又有研究发现干细胞、中性粒细胞及多种罕见刺激因子等调控巨噬细胞向M2分化。本综述将总结近五年内新发现的心肌损伤修复中巨噬细胞的调控机制。

Macrophages are a type of immune cells present in body tissues,which are essential for natural immunity,tissue development,maintenance of homeostasis,and repair of damaged tissues.In the repair of myocardial injury,macrophages not only directly eliminate necrotic tissue through phagocytosis,but also regulate the local immune system through antigen presentation,and the latter is an extremely complex process.Previous studies have found that macrophages have two polarization states,M1 and M2,in the repair of damaged myocardium,with the former promoting inflammation and the latter inhibiting it.With the rapid development of basic disciplines in recent years,studies have found that stem cells,neutrophils,and a variety of rare stimulants regulate the polarization of macrophages to M2.This review will summarize the newly discovered regulatory mechanisms of macrophages in the repair of myocardial injury in the last five years.