县域农村初中学生学校选择的影响因素及政策启示——基于家庭资本视角

Influencing Factors and Policy Implications of School Choice for Rural Students at Junior High Schools in Counties—— From the Perspective of Family Capital

研究基于中国教育追踪调查2015年数据,运用多元Logistic回归模型,探讨家庭资本对县域内农村初中学生学校选择的影响。结果表明:家庭经济、政治、文化和社会资本对县域内农村学生初中学校选择具有显著影响,家庭经济条件较好、藏书越多、父亲学历越高、父母职业地位越高、亲子互动越多的家庭选择中心城区学校的概率越大;经济条件富裕的家庭更愿意选择边缘城区学校;母亲学历越高、与孩子同学家长关系越密切的家庭更倾向于选择乡镇农村学校,而性别及家长业余爱好对县域农村初中学生学校选择无显著影响。这种学校选择行为成为家庭资本在代际间传递的手段,对教育公平产生负面影响。政府部门应通过教育机会补偿、丰富各类家庭资本、优化教育资源配置及充分利用家庭资本等途径消除其不公平影响,进而促进乡村教育振兴和教育公平。

Based on the data of China Education Panel Survey in 2015, this research focuses on the influences of family capital on the school choice of junior rural students in county areas, which applies the Logistic regression model. The results shows that: the family capital of economy, politics, culture, and society has significant effects on the school choice of junior rural students. The families which are better in economical conditions, book collection, education background of the father, occupation status of the parents, and parentchild interactions are more likely to choose schools in city center;wealthy families are more willing to choose schools in peripheral urban areas;the families with mothers of higher academic degree and closer relations with parents of children’s classmates tend to choose township rural schools;however, the factors of gender and the parent’s hobbies have no influences on the school choice. School choosing is being a means of intergenerational transmission of family capital, which generates negative effects on educational equality. Therefore,government departments should remove this unfairness influence by compensating for educational opportunities,enriching various types of family capital, optimizing the allocation of educational resources, and making full use of family capital, so as to promote rural education revitalization and educational equity.