老年肿瘤患者焦虑和抑郁影响因素分析

Factors influencing anxiety and depression in elderly cancer patients

目的 探讨老年肿瘤患者焦虑和抑郁发生的影响因素。方法 选取2019年6月至2021年6月间北京右安门医院收治的102例老年肿瘤患者,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评定患者的焦虑和抑郁状态,并分析其影响因素。结果 患者中,焦虑79例(77.5%),其中轻度48例,中度18例,重度13例;SAS评分(57.21±11.05)分。抑郁患者89例(87.3%),其中轻度44例,中度21例,重度24例;SDS评分(61.39±11.14)分。不同性别、文化程度、肿瘤类型、肿瘤分期、KPS评分、疗效、家庭年收入的患者,焦虑发生的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同性别、年龄、文化程度、肿瘤类型、肿瘤分期、家庭年收入、KPS评分及疗效的患者,抑郁发生的差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。经多因素Logisitic回归分析得出,性别、肿瘤类型和疗效为患者焦虑状态发生的影响因素(均P<0.05),性别、年龄、肿瘤类型、KPS评分和疗效为患者抑郁状态发生的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论 焦虑和抑郁是老年肿瘤患者常见的心理疾患,临床应密切关注患者性别、年龄、肿瘤类型、KPS评分等因素,及时采取针对性的心理治疗。

Objective To analyze the factors influencing anxiety and depression in elderly cancer patients. Methods A total of 102 elderly cancer patients were assessed for anxiety and depressive status using the self-rating anxiety scale(SAS) and the self-rating depression scale(SDS) and the influencing factors were analyzed at Beijing Fengtai You’anmen Hospital between June 2019 and June 2021. Results Seventy-nine patients(77.5%) had anxiety. Of them, 48 patients had mild anxiety, 18 had moderate anxiety and 13 had severe anxiety with score of SAS of 57.21 ± 11.05. Eighty-nine patients(87.3%) had depression. Of them, 44 patients had mild depression, 21 had moderate depression and 24 patients had severe depression with SDS score of 61.39 ± 11.14. There were significant differences in the incidence of anxiety among patients of different gender, education, tumor type, tumor stage, Karnofsky performance status(KPS) score, treatment efficacy and annual income(all P<0.05). There were significant differences in the incidence of depression among patients of different gender, age, education, tumor type, tumor stage, annual income, KPS score and treatment efficacy(all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that gender, tumor type and treatment efficacy were factors influencing the occurrence of anxiety in patients with elderly cancer patients(all P<0.05). Gender, tumor type and KPS score were factors influencing the occurrence of depression(all P<0.05). Conclusion Anxiety and depression are common psychological diseases in elderly cancer patients. Therefore, the influencing factors such as gender, age, tumor type, and KPS score deserve close attention in clinical practice, and targeted psychotherapy should be taken in a timely manner.