别矿斜坡面爆破孔网参数优化试验与应用

Optimization Test and Application of Blasting Hole Network Parameters on Slope of Beskuduk Open Pit Coal Mine

在露天矿山开采过程中,爆破效果的优良与否是露天矿山生产效益好坏的关键。针对别斯库都克露天煤矿外坡道出现根底多、大块率高、爆挖率及采装率低等突出问题,基于别矿目前现有的施工工艺、机械设备条件下,通过工程试验法调试最佳孔网参数,分别在+1240~+1228西外坡道、+1240~+1228东外坡道,+1216~+1204西外坡道、+1144~+1132西外坡道进行5组爆破试验,每组试验方案做3次,取3次试验的平均值作为最后的分析依据。结果显示:通过与其他试验方案组进行一一对比分析,发现在外坡道采用试验方案5爆破效果最佳,其中根底率为3.83%、大块率为4.22%、爆挖率为97.76%、炸药单耗为0.54 kg/m^(3)及采装率为6.0车/h。综合分析试验,发现试验方案5的爆破效果均优于其它方案组,充分发挥了机械设备和人员的合理配合,在很大程度上减少了根底的产生,降低了大块率。同时还提高了爆挖方量和采装效率,通过现场实际进行了改善前、后对比,发现优化后的方案大大改善了外坡道爆破效果不佳问题,在一定程度上改善了别矿爆破开挖成本。

In the process of open-pit mining,blasting effect is the key to the production benefit of the mine.There are some prominent problems in the external ramp of Beskuduk open-pit coal mine,such as excessive toe rock,high bulk rate,low blasting and loading rate.This paper aims to adjust the optimum hole network parameters by engineering tests based on the existing construction technology and mechanical equipment conditions of Beskuduk mine.Five groups of blasting tests were carried out at+1240~+1228 west outer ramp,+1240~+1228 east outer ramp,+1216~+1204 west outer ramp and +1144~+1132 west outer ramp,respectively.Each group of test plan was repeated three times,and the average value of the three tests was taken as the final analysis basis.The results show that compared with other test plan groups,it is found that test plan#5 has the best blasting effect on the outer ramps,with the toe rock rate of 3.83%,the bulk rate of 4.22%,the blasting rate of 97.76%,the powder factor of 0.54 kg/m 3 and the loading rate of 6.0 car/h.In addition,test plan #5 gives full play to the reasonable cooperation of mechanical equipment and personnel,reduces the generation of toe rocks and bulk rate to a large extent,and improves blasting and loading rates.Through the comparison between before and after improvement,it is found that the optimized scheme greatly improves the poor blasting effect of the outer ramp,and reduces the blasting and excavation cost of Beskuduk mine to a certain extent.