基于GPS的智能化设计在露天石灰石矿山爆破中的应用

Application of Intellectualized Blasting Design based on GPS in Limestone Openpit Mine

传统露天矿山爆破设计与施工多基于爆破作业人员的经验或工程类比法实施,普遍存在设计偏差大、钻孔精度低、爆破大块多等问题。为提高台阶爆破工程中设计与施工的匹配度,减少人工、材料和机械的浪费,有效改进爆破效果,开发了一套智能化台阶爆破设计优化系统软件,该软件具有台阶爆破设计、爆堆块度分布统计分析、爆破振动分析与预测、爆破效果综合评价等模块功能,软件使用过程中基于高精度GPS测量技术,提取爆破对象原始数据完成自适应设计,并将设计成果导出到施工现场。以贵州某水泥厂露天石灰石矿山开采为例,运用GPS采集当前采矿区域地形数据,结合现场实际进行台阶爆破智能化设计,再通过GPS技术将设计数据精确反馈到施工现场,指导现场施工。结果表明,智能化设计软件自适应能力强,采用基于GPS的智能化设计,提高了设计和钻孔的准确度,降低大块率33%,改善爆破效果显著,实现了设计与施工的精细管理,达到安全、经济、高效采矿的目的。

The design and construction of traditional blasting for open-pit mines are mostly implemented based on the experience of blasting operators or engineering analogy method,which lead to typical problems such as large design deviation,low drilling accuracy and large blasting boulder yield.In order to improve consistency in blasting engineering design and construction,reduce waste of labor,materials,and machinery,and improve bench blasting effectiveness,a set of intelligent blasting design optimization system software was developed.It involves modules of bench blasting design,statistical analysis of fragmentation distribution of blasting pile,blasting vibration analysis and prediction,comprehensive evaluation of blasting effect,and so on.Using the software,the original data of blasting object is extracted based on high-precision GPS measurement technology,and the design results are then exported to the construction site.Taking the open-pit limestone mining of a cement plant in Guizhou as an example,GPS is used to collect the topographic data of the current mining area,and the intelligent design of bench blasting was carried out combining with the actual situation of the site.Then,the design data was accurately fed back to the construction site through GPS technology to guide the site construction.The results show that the intelligent design software has strong adaptive ability,and the intelligent design based on GPS can improve the accuracy of design and drilling,reduce the bulk rate by 33%,improve the blasting effect significantly,realize the fine management of design and construction,and achieve the purpose of safe,economic and efficient mining.