基于人与自然关系的钱塘潮文化景观遗产属性研究

Heritage Attributes of Qiantang River Tide Cultural Landscapes:A Perspective of Man-Nature Relationship

“天下奇观”钱塘江涌潮集自然灾害、自然景观和自然声景于一体,钱塘潮文化记录了人与自然关系的演变过程。自春秋初期涌潮形成以来,钱塘江感潮区民众惧潮、捍潮、祭潮、镇潮、观潮、听潮、咏潮、崇潮、控潮、用潮,正是在人与自然(海、江、潮、地等)长期相互作用下,钱塘江涌潮从自然现象和自然灾害逐渐演变为自然景观和自然遗产,并不断衍生出潮论、海神庙、鱼鳞石塘、咏潮诗词等钱塘潮文化遗产,以及祭潮文化、观潮节、海塘文化、观潮胜地等钱塘潮文化景观遗产。

Qiantang River tidal bore,also well known as“Wonder under the Heaven”,possessed of the natural disaster,natural landscape and natural soundscape,witnessed historically the evolution of the relationship between man and nature.Comprehensive analysis of historical documents and tide chanting poems found that since Qiantang River tidal bore forming in the early ages of the Spring and Autumn Period,the ancestors in the tidal region of Qiantang River feared the tide,defended the tide,worshiped the tide,restrained the tide,viewed the tide,listened to the tide,chanted the tide,idolized the tide,controlled the tide,utilized the tide,so it is precisely under the long-term interaction between man and nature(sea,river,tide,land,etc.)that Qiantang River tidal bore has gradually evolved from a natural phenomenon and natural disaster into a natural landscape and natural heritage,and continuously bred Qiantang River Tide cultural heritages such as works on tide theory,temples of Sea God,stone seawalls like fish scales,tide chanting poetry and lyrics,as well as Qiantang Tide cultural landscape heritages such as tide worshiping culture,tide viewing festival,seawall culture and tide viewing resorts.