曲类中药发酵炮制研究进展

Research Progress on the Fermentation Processing of Fermented Medicine

曲类中药是一类临床常用的传统中药,然而由于各地区发酵曲类中药所使用的原料和发酵工艺不统一,各地自然菌种差异较大以及发酵过程菌群代谢的复杂性等问题导致曲类中药质量不稳定。因此,曲类中药的炮制工艺、炮制机理和质量控制方法一直是近些年中药炮制研究领域的热点。近年来,随着炮制化学、现代药理学和微生物基因组学等多学科的应用,曲类中药的炮制工艺、炮制机制和质量控制方法取得了一定成就。发酵炮制工艺逐渐从自然发酵转变为纯菌种协同发酵,进一步明确发酵工艺参数;炮制机制研究阐明了部分曲类中药药效物质基础和发酵菌种变化;采用薄层色谱、显微镜、HPLC、电子舌鼻等多技术为质量控制提供了新的方法。本文通过对曲类中药发酵炮制工艺、炮制机制以及质量控制方法的研究进展进行系统总结和分析,为其进一步研究提供参考。

Fermented medicine is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine commonly used in clinical practice.However,the quality of fermented medicine is unstable,due to the inconsistency of raw materials and fermentation processing technology of fermented medicine used in different places,the large differences of natural bacterial species in various regions,and the complexity of the flora metabolism during the fermentation process.Therefore,the processing technology,processing mechanism and quality control methods of fermented medicine have been the hot in the research field of traditional Chinese medicine processing in recent years.With the application of multiple disciplines,such as processing chemistry,modern pharmacology and microbial genomics,the processing technology,processing mechanism and quality control methods of fermented medicine have achieved gratifying results.Fermentation processing technology has gradually changed from natural fermentation to pure strain co-fermentation and further clarifies the fermentation process parameters;the research on the processing mechanism has clarified the effective material basis and the changes of fermentation bacteria of some fermented medicines;and the use of thin layer chromatography,micro-differential method,HPLC,electronic tongue and nose also provide new methods for quality control.This paper aims to systematically summarize and analyze the research progress of the fermentation processing technology,processing mechanism and quality control methods of fermented medicine,so as to provide a reference for further exploration.