中西文化交融下苏州近代独立住宅形制研究——以东吴大学早期教员住宅为例

Study on the Form of Modern Independent Residence in Suzhou under the Integration of Chinese and Western Cultures:Taking the Early Faculty Residence of Soochow University as an Example

东吴大学的建筑遗产是苏州具有典型性的中西文化冲突与交融的载体。以早期教员住宅为例,运用建筑史、人类学、建造学的研究方法,溯源教员住宅的风格原型,同时分析其特征要素的西方影响与本土传统的关系,分析苏州1900年前后现代性的转变,管窥到了宏观的人类行为。这场发生在百年前的苏州城内城市肌理、建筑风尚、生活模式上巨大但又隐秘的改变,由东吴大学的外籍教授们兴建的西式小住宅所引发。不同于苏州民居传承千年的枕水而居的生活模式,住宅空间第一次在垂直方向上具有了人与场景的互动属性。

The architectural heritage of Soochow University is a typical carrier of the conflict and blending of Chinese and Western culture in Suzhou.Taking the early teacher residence as an example,using the research methods of architectural history,anthropology and architecture,this paper traces the style prototype of teacher residence,analyzes the relationship between the Western influence of its characteristic elements and local traditions,analyzes the transformation of modernity in Suzhou around 1900,and has a glimpse of macro human behavior.This is a huge but secret change that took place in Suzhou a hundred years ago.It was triggered by the small Western-style residence brought by foreign professors of Soochow University,which interrupted the millennium inheritance of Suzhou folk houses and completed a vigorous change,making the residence have the attribute of vertical interaction between people and scene.