氮肥一次性供给量对寒地春玉米氮素利用及物质积累的调控效应

Regulation Effect of Single Basal Application of Nitrogen Fertilization on Nitrogen Utilization and Material Accumulation of Spring Maize in Cold Region of China

为深入研究寒地春玉米植株生物量生产积累和氮素吸收积累对氮肥供给的响应,进一步明确氮肥供给对春玉米籽粒氮含量及产量形成的调控机制,本研究以德美亚3号为试验材料,设置氮肥传统分期施肥(NP)和一次性基施(N0~N1.2)两种施肥方式,共7个施氮量(N0、N0.8、N0.9、N1.0、N1.1、N1.2和NP)处理,测定不同处理成熟期穗位叶叶面积,SPAD值,干物质积累,氮素的吸收、积累和转运量,以及产量和氮肥的利用效率。结果表明:相较于氮肥减施和增施处理,等量氮肥供给的叶面积指数、SPAD值、氮素积累量和干物质积累量均显著增加;相较于传统分期施肥,氮肥一次性供给处理很好地维持了生育后期叶片的功能性,氮素的吸收利用使得地上干物质快速增长期延长2~6 d,增加了籽粒中的养分物质积累,群体籽粒产量和氮肥利用效率显著增加。

In order to research the response of maize biomass production and nitrogen absorption,remobilization and accumulation to nitrogen fertilizer suppletion,to explore the regulation mechanism of nitrogen supply on grain nitrogen content and grains yield formation in cold region.Demeiya 3 was used as the experimental material in this study,and conventional fertilizer application in stages(NP)and one-time basal application(N0.8-N1.2)were set as fertilization methods;7 nitrogen application rates(N0,N0.8,N0.9,N1.0,N1.1,N1.2,and NP).The leaf area,SPAD value,dry matter accumulation,nitrogen uptake,accumulation and transshipment,yield and nitrogen use efficiency of different treatments at maturity were studied.The results showed that to compared with the reduce and increase of nitrogen fertilizer,the leaf area,SPAD value,nitrogen accumulation and dry matter accumulation of equal amount nitrogen supplied increased significantly,to the contrary,compared with conventional fertilizer application in stages,one-time supply nitrogen treatment maintained the function of leaves in late growth stage,the absorption and utilization of nitrogen extended the rapid growth periods of aboveground dry matter by 2-6 days,increased the nutrient accumulation in grains.The grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of population increased significantly.