黑龙江省晚熟沙棘优良品种(系)比较

Comparison of Late Maturing Seabuckthorn Varieties(Lines)in Heilongjiang Province

为促进黑龙江省沙棘产业发展,针对沙棘产业不同应用方向,筛选优良沙棘品种。本试验对5个晚熟沙棘品种的物候期、生长性状、果实性状、果实营养成分及叶片营养成分等指标进行比较,通过对比分析黑龙江省选育的晚熟品沙棘种(系)的不同特点,筛选出高产、优质、抗逆性强的晚熟沙棘品种(系)。结果表明:物候期调查中,参试材料萌动期、开花期、落叶期均相近,晚黄与旭日的果实变色期及成熟期均较对照品种深秋红晚13~15 d;生长性状比较中,杂交品种杂优雄1号树势最好,生长量最高,株高、地径及冠幅指标均显著高于其他品种(系);果实性状比较中,杂交品种较对照深秋红果柄短、果实圆、密度大,单株产量和公顷产量均高于对照,总黄酮含量显著低于对照;叶片营养成分比较中,雄株杂交品种的总黄酮含量显著高于结果雌株,同时叶片黄酮含量显著高于果实。茶多酚含量杂交品种显著高于其他品种(系),咖啡碱含量相对较低。多糖含量与粗蛋白含量呈反比,旭日品种多糖含量显著高于其他品种(系),粗蛋白含量低于其他品种(系)。而粗蛋白和游离氨基酸含量各品种(系)差异不大。综上,果用品种旭日各方面指标均超过对照品种深秋红,可在深秋红栽植地区进行品种更换,增加品种多样性;叶用品种杂优雄1号可用于茶用及饲用原材料品种更替。

In order to screen out late maturing varieties of seabuckthorn with high yield,high quality and strong stress resistance,five late maturing varieties of seabuckthorn were compared and analyzed by comparing the phenological period,growth characters,fruit characters,fruit nutritional components and leaf nutritional components.The results showed that in the phenological investigation,the germination stage,flowering stage and defoliation stage of the tested materials were similar.In the comparison of fruit discoloration and maturity,the Wanhuang and Xuri were 13-15 days later than the control variety Shenqiuhong;In the comparison of growth characters,hybrid variety Zayouxiong No.1 had the best tree potential and the highest growth,and the indexes of plant height,ground diameter and crown width were significantly higher than those of other varieties(lines);In the comparison of fruit characters,the hybrid varieties had shorter fruit stalk,rounder fruit and higher density than the control.The yield per plant and hectare yield were higher than the control,and the content of total flavonoids was significantly lower than the control.In the comparison of leaf nutritional components,the total flavonoids content of male hybrid varieties was significantly higher than that of fruit female plants,and the flavonoids content of leaves was significantly higher than that of fruit.The content of tea polyphenols in hybrid varieties was significantly higher than that in other varieties(lines),and the content of caffeine was relatively low.The polysaccharide content was inversely proportional to the crude protein content.The polysaccharide content of Xuri variety was significantly higher than that of other varieties(lines),and the crude protein content was lower than that of other varieties(lines).The contents of crude protein and free amino acids in different varieties(lines)were different,but the content values were similar.To sum up,the indexes of the fruit variety Xuri are higher than the control variety Shenqiuhong in all aspects.The variety can be changed in the planting area of Shenqiuhong to increase the variety diversity;The leaf variety Zayouxiong No.1 can be used for variety replacement of tea and feed raw materials.