早熟玉米品种合玉25特征特性及育种思路

Characteristics and Breeding Ideas of A Early Maturing Maize Variety Heyu 25

为加速合玉25玉米的推广应用,促进黑龙江省早熟玉米育种创新发展,本文简要介绍了合玉25的选育过程、特征特性、栽培技术,并对黑龙江省早熟区玉米育种的思路进行探讨。合玉25是黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院玉米育种研究所于2007年以自选系合系628作为母本、自选系合系640作为父本杂交育成的单交种,具有早熟、抗病、高产、抗逆性强,脱水快、容重高,商品品质优良等特性。适宜在黑龙江省第三积温带推广种植,产量达9399.9~10167.9 kg·hm^(-2),比对照嫩单13增产11.7%~13.1%。针对黑龙江省第三积温带开展早熟、抗病、耐密、高产为目标的玉米新品种选育,可以通过采取高密度、大群体、多逆境选育亲本及杂交种,实现基因重组、互补、累加等遗传效应,结合生态特点、生产实际、品种应用现状以及发展趋势的生态育种原理,在品种选择过程中采用多年多点测试,提高选种效果。

In order to accelerate the popularization and application of maize variety Heyu 25 and promote the innovation and development of early maturity maize breeding in Heilongjiang Province,this paper introduced the breeding process,characteristics and cultivation techniques of Heyu 25,and discussed the ideas of maize breeding in early maturity area of Heilongjiang Province.Heyu 25 is a single cross bred by the maize Breeding Institute of Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2007 from the self-selected line Heyu 628 as the female parent and the self-selected line Heyu 640 as the male parent.It is characterized by early maturity,disease resistance,high yield,strong stress resistance,rapid dehydration,high bulk density and good commodity quality.It was suitable for spreading planting in the third accumulation zone of Heilongjiang Province,and the yield reached 9399.9 to 10167.9 kg·ha^(-1),which was 11.7%to 13.1%higher than that of nandan 13.For the third temperate zone of Heilongjiang Province in early maturity,disease resistance,resistance to dense,high yield as the goal of new maize varieties breeding,can with high density and large groups,much adversity and hybrid breeding parents,genetic recombination and complementary,additive genetic effect,combined with ecological characteristics,the actual production,varieties,application status and development trend of ecological breeding theory,multi-year multi-point test was used in variety selection to improve seed selection effect.