军校学员身份信息视觉搜索的眼动特征分析

Analysis of eye movement characteristics of visual search for identity information among military university students

目的利用眼动技术探讨身份信息作为自我相关信息的自动化认知加工特征。方法2020年7-10月招募95名空军军医大学学员为研究对象,其中男62人、女33人,年龄为18~24岁,平均年龄为(20.71±1.53)岁,均为右利手。通过Go/NoGo视觉搜索任务结合眼动技术,采用单因素一般线性模型分析经过身份词相关度评定后的高自我相关信息与低自我相关信息在眼动特征(注视点数量、注视时长)方面的差异。结果身份词相关度评定结果显示,对于被试学员而言,学员身份词(实验、学员、实习)为高自我相关信息,战士身份词(站岗、士兵、哨位)为低自我相关信息。单因素一般线性模型分析显示信息自我相关度的眼动特征具有边缘显著的主效应,高自我相关信息的注视点数量和注视时长均边缘小于低自我相关信息[1.80±0.67 vs 1.87±0.68,(499.36±269.70)ms vs(525.58±278.17)ms,F=3.83、3.55,P=0.052、0.059]。主效应分析显示,与右上象限(P2)、右下象限(P3)、左下象限(P4)区域比较,左上象限(P1)区域注视点数量与注视时长均最高(P均<0.01);P2区域注视点数量与注视时长均高于P4区域(P均<0.01);P2区域注视点数量多于P3区域(P<0.01);P3区域注视时长长于P4区域(P<0.05)。结论个体的身份信息作为高自我相关信息可能具有自动化加工的认知特点,同时在一个整体注视空间中,存在从左至右、从上到下信息加工依次递减的现象。

Objective To explore the characteristics of automatic cognitive processing of identity information as self-related information using eye tracking technology.Methods A total of 95 students from Air Force Medical University were recruited from Jul.to Oct.2020,including 62 males and 33 females,aged 18-24 years old,with an average age of(20.71±1.53)years old,all right-handed.Through Go/NoGo visual search task combined with eye tracking technology,a single-factor general linear model was used to compare the differences of eye movement characteristics(gaze points and gaze duration)between highly self-related information and lowly self-related information after relevance evaluation of identity words.Results The relevance evaluation results of identity words showed that,for the recruited students,the identity words of students(experiment,student,and internship)were highly self-related information,and the identity words of soldiers(sentry,soldier,and sentinel)were lowly self-related information.Univariate general linear model analysis showed that the eye movement characteristics of self-related information had a significant marginal main effect.The gaze points and gaze duration of highly self-related information were marginally smaller than those of lowly self-related information(1.80±0.67 vs 1.87±0.68 and[499.36±269.70]ms vs[525.58±278.17]ms,F=3.83 and 3.55,P=0.052 and 0.059).The main effect analysis showed that the gaze points and gaze duration in the upper left quadrant(P1)were the highest compared with the other 3 areas(all P<0.01);the gaze points and gaze duration in the upper right quadrant(P2)were higher than those in the lower left quadrant(P4)(both P<0.01);the gaze points in the P2 were more than those in the lower right quadrant(P3)(P<0.01);and the gaze duration in the P3 was significantly longer than that in the P4(P<0.05).Conclusion Individual identity information,as highly self-related information,may have cognitive characteristics of automated processing.At the same time,in an overall gaze space,there is a phenomenon that information processing decreases sequentially from left to right and from top to bottom.