甲状腺术后下肢深静脉血栓形成原因与护理对策探讨

Causes and Nursing Countermeasures of Deep Vein Thrombosis of Lower Extremities after Thyroidectomy

目的 分析甲状腺术后下肢深静脉血栓形成原因与护理对策。方法 回顾性分析该院2019年1月—2021年1月收治200例研究对象的临床资料,按护理模式分成两组,各100例。行常规护理的用对照组表示,行综合护理的用探究组表示。就其下肢深静脉血栓形成发生率进行统计,评价护理效果。结果 200例研究对象中16例(对照组12例,探究组4例)下肢深静脉血栓形成,发生率为8.00%,8例血液高凝状态导致,4例静脉血液淤滞导致,2例静脉血管壁损伤导致,2例术后药物使用导致。探究组治疗优良率达到100.00%,对照组仅为50.00%。探究组SAS量表、PSQI量表评分[(33.78±6.69)分、(5.17±1.25)分]低于对照组[(42.26±5.47)分、(7.45±2.49)分],差异有统计学意义(t=9.813、8.183,P<0.05),GQOLI-74量表、Fugl-Meyer量表评分与护理满意度为[(90.68±6.61)分、(31.29±2.39)分、(91.14±5.59)分]高于对照组[(84.47±4.28)分、(27.98±3.57)分、(86.68±6.94)分],差异有统计学意义(t=7.886、7.705、5.005,P<0.05)。结论 甲状腺术后下肢深静脉血栓形成原因众多,可归为血液高凝状态、静脉血液淤滞、静脉血管壁损伤、术后药物使用等几类。优质量的综合护理措施应用对甲状腺术后下肢深静脉血栓形成预防与患者术后健康恢复存在积极影响。

Objective To analyze the causes and nursing countermeasures of deep vein thrombosis of lower extremity after thyroidectomy.Methods A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 200 research subjects admitted in the hospital from January 2019 to January 2021,and they were divided into two groups according to the nursing mode,with 100 cases in each.Those who received routine care were represented by the control group,and those who received comprehensive care were represented by the investigation group.The incidence of deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities was counted,and the nursing effect was evaluated.Results Among the 200 subjects,16 cases(12 cases in the control group and 4 cases in the exploration group) had lower extremity deep vein thrombosis,with an incidence rate of 8.00%.8 cases were caused by blood hypercoagulability,4 cases were caused by venous blood stasis,2 cases were caused by venous vessel wall damage,and 2 cases were caused by postoperative drug use.The excellent and good rate of treatment in the exploration group was 100.00%,while that in the control group was only50.00%.The scores of SAS scale and PSQI scale in the exploration group[(33.78±6.69) points,(5.17±1.25) points]were lower than those in the control group[(42.26±5.47) points,(7.45±2.49) points],the difference was statistically significant(t=9.813,8.183,P<0.05).GQOLI-74 scale,Fugl-Meyer scale score and nursing satisfaction[(90.68±6.61) points,(31.29±2.39) points,(91.14±5.59)points]higher than the control group[(84.47±4.28) points,(27.98±3.57) points,(86.68±6.94) points],the difference was statistically significant (t=7.886,7.705,5.005,P<0.05).Conclusion There are many causes of DVT in lower extremities after thyroidectomy,which can be classified as hypercoagulable state,venous blood stasis,venous vessel wall injury,postoperative drug use and so on.The application of high-quality comprehensive nursing measures has a positive impact on the prevention of deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremity after thyroidectomy and the recovery of patients’postoperative health.