小麦杂交育种F_(1)代多目标性状灰色综合评判

Grey Comprehensive Evaluation of Multi-Objective Traits in F_(1) Generation of Wheat Hybird Breeding

为了提高育种效率,采用灰色综合评判法对2020—2021年度安阳市农业科学院小麦研究所育种过程中的50个F;代小麦杂交组合进行了多性状优势的综合评估。根据灰色综合评判值评出一等组合19个,二等组合22个,三等组合9个。其中,最优组合为7号组合,灰色综合评判值为0.7925,其单株产量、结实性和粒质均已达到育种目标,达标指数均为1.0000;株高和千粒重比较接近育种目标性状,达标指数分别为0.8511和0.7692;而饱满度和单株穗数则距育种目标性状较远,达标指数分别为0.4444和0.5222。因此,在随后的选育过程中,该组合应当在保证其他性状稳定遗传的前提下,加强对饱满度和单株穗数的重点选择。其他组合也可以通过类似的分析获得最佳的处理方式。该方法可以让育种工作者在育种早期确定重点组合,然后在其后代有针对性地进行选择,节省人力、物力、地力和财力,极大地提高了育种效率,建议在杂交育种工作中广泛推广。

In order to improve the breeding efficiency,the grey comprehensive evaluation method was used to comprehensively evaluate the multi-trait heterosis of 50 hybrid wheat F1 combinations in the breeding process of Wheat Research Institute of Anyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences from 2020 to 2021.According to the grey comprehensive evaluation value,19 first-class combinations,22 second-class combinations and 9 third-class combinations were evaluated.Among them,the best one is combination 7 with a grey comprehensive evaluation value of 0.7925;its yield,seed setting and grain quality all have satisfied the breeding goal,reaching 1.0000 in standard indexes;its plant height and 1000-grain weight are close to the breeding target traits,reaching 0.8511 and 0.7692 respectively in standard indexes;its plumpness and panicles per plant are a bit far from the breeding target,only 0.4444 and 0.5222,respectively in standard indexes.Therefore,in the subsequent breeding process,this combination should strengthen the selection of plumpness and panicles per plant on the premise of ensuring the stable inheritance of other traits.The other combinations can also obtain the best treatment through similar analysis.This method enables breeders to determine key combinations in the early stage of breeding,and then select their offspring in a targeted manner,thus saving human,material,land and financial resources,and greatly improving the breeding efficiency,which is suggested wide popularization in cross breeding.