大棚春提早茄子基肥比较试验

Comparative Experiment of Base Fertilizer for Early Spring Cultivation of Eggplant in Greenhouse

选用茄子品种京茄338,通过商品有机肥与复合肥配施作为茄子基肥的比较试验,研究了不同基肥施用量处理对大棚春提早茄子生长发育、果实外观品质、产量和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明:T1和T2处理可明显提高大棚春提早茄子的前期坐果率(门茄和对茄),显著增加门茄的果纵径、果横径和单果重,可改善大棚春提早栽培茄子早期果实的外观品质;T1和T2处理的前期产量和总产量都比CK明显增加,其中前期产量分别增加37.49%和34.20%、总产量分别增加16.37%和19.27%;T1和T2处理的前期产值、总产值和经济效益也都比CK明显增加,其中经济效益分别增加17.84%和20.79%;有机肥与复合肥配施作基肥有利于中和土壤酸性,降低土壤电导率,减轻大棚土壤的盐渍化,提高土壤的缓冲能力;虽然T2处理的肥料成本最高,但其扣除肥料成本后的总产值达10 996.48元/667m^(2),比CK增加20.79%。因此T2处理表现效果最好。

A comparative experiment of base fertilizer using organic fertilizer as the main fertilizer supplemented by chemical fertilizer was conducted with an eggplant variety Jingqie 338 to study the effects of different application rates of base fertilizer on early spring eggplant growth,development,fruit appearance quality and yield,and soil fertility in greenhouse.The results showed:Compared with CK,T1 and T2 treatments significantly improved the early fruit setting rate,the first fruit vertical and transverse diameters and single fruit weight as well as early fruit appearance quality;T1 and T2 significantly increased the early yield by 37.49% and 34.20%,and the total yield by 16.37% and 19.27%,respectively;T1 and T2 significantly increased the early-stage output value,total output value and economic benefit,particularly,increased economic benefits by 17.84% and 20.79%,respectively.The combined application of organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer is beneficial to neutralizing soil acidity,reducing soil conductivity,mitigating soil salinity in greenhouses and improving soil buffer capacity.Although the fertilizer cost of T2 was the highest,its total output value after deducting the fertilizer cost was 164 947.2 yuan/hm^(2),20.79% higher than CK.Therefore,T2 treatment had the best performance.