“面对面”与“键对键”:城管执法形态的比较及其适用性

“Face to Face”and“Key to Key”:The Comparison of the Forms of the Urban Management Law Enforcement and Their Applicability

城管执法的形态具有独立的含义,也是影响执法过程及其效果的关键因素。大多数城管执法都是“面对面”进行的,主要特性包括依据看得见的情形决定各自的行动策略、彼此的行为和态度影响互动过程、环境因素是影响互动的重要变量、双边互动的过程很难标准化、执法过程的稳定性程度低等。现代信息技术的应用推动了非现场执法的探索,建构了“键对键”的执法形态,其主要特点是远距离而不见面的互动、简单而有限的执法事项、半自动化的执法过程、消除个人及其互动的影响以及延迟而模糊的执法体验等。“面对面”执法和“键对键”执法在空间结构、运行要素、过程机制以及风险点等方面,都存在着显著的差异,具有不同的适应性,也提出了不同的实践要求。进一步推动城管执法改革,需要深刻把握不同执法形态的优劣利弊,根据城管执法事项的类型及其特点,选择可行和适配的执法形态,以切实提高执法效能。

The form of the urban management law enforcement has its distinct meaning,and is also the key factor to influence the law enforcement and its effect.Most urban management law enforcements are“face to face”,whose characteristic includes that the action strategy is decided by the visible situation,interaction is affected by the action and attitude of each other,interaction is affected by the environmental factor,the interaction is hardly to be standardized,the stability during the law enforcement is low,etc.The application of the modern information technology has promoted the exploration of the off-site law enforcement,established the“key to key”form.Its main characteristic includes the interaction conducted remotely,simple and limited matters of the law enforcement,semi-automatized process,eliminated personal effect and blurry experience,etc.“Face to face”and“key to key”have distinct differences on spatial structure,operating elements,process mechanism,risk point,etc.They have different applicability and different practice requirements.In order to promote the revolution of the urban management law enforcement,the advantages and disadvantages of different forms should be understood thoroughly.Based on the types and characteristic of the matters,the feasible forms of the law enforcement should be chosen to promote the efficiency of the law enforcement.