从“否定—存在循环”视角看“不”和“没”的中和

The interchangeability between bu(不) and mei(没) from the perspective of “negative-existential cycle”

文章讨论了现代汉语、古代汉语以及汉语方言中否定词功能中和的现象,并对这些现象进行了统一的解释:“不”“没”的中和源于“没”功能扩大后对“未、不曾、未曾”等否定词的替换,方言中否定词功能中和的差异是“否定—存在循环”发展程度不同造成的。文章还指出以“没”为代表的存在否定词比以“不”为代表的基础否定词句法位置高、主观性强,是更强的否定,汉语“否定—存在循环”的动力也来源于此。

This paper discusses the interchangeability between negative words in modern Chinese,ancient Chinese and Chinese dialects,and claims that the interchangeability betweenbu(不)andmei(没)implies a replacement ofwei(未),buceng(不曾)andweiceng(未曾)bymeiafter its functional extension.The variation on the interchangeability between negative words among different dialects are caused by different degrees of development of the“negative-existential cycle”.This paper also points out that,in comparison with other negative markers,those which negate the existence of action/event likemeitend to be more subjective and have higher syntactic positions.It is their strong sense of negation which provides the motivation of the“negative-existential cycle”in Chinese.