数理和谐:明清江南地区建筑小木作比例探析

Mathematical Harmony:A Discussion on the Proportion of Architectural Joinery Work in the Jiangnan Area in Ming and Qing Dynasties

小木作是中国传统建筑的重要组成部分,其比例是影响形式的潜在因素,但较少受到关注。明清江南地区建筑小木作比例在延续北方官方规范的基础上,发展出一套独特的系统。基于《营造法原》和调研测绘,梳理明清江南建筑小木作整体及构件的比例,厘清多种常用比值,展现同建筑空间及大木作的关联性。进而解读比例中数理关系的成因,分析结构、功能、审美、营造、文化五个方面的影响,揭示其中所蕴含的科学与艺术之间的关系,以及规矩方圆、天地人和谐统一的深层文化内涵。旨在从显性的表征分析走向隐性的规律探索,为地域性传统建筑研究提供参考。

Joinery work is an important part of traditional architecture and its proportion is an potential factor that affects the architectural form,which has received less attention.In Ming and Qing dynasties,the proportion of architectural joinery work in the Jiangnan area developed a unique system based on official regulations of the Northern area.Based on Ying Zao Fa Yuan(a monograph recording the construction methods of ancient buildings in the Jiangnan area of China)and surveying analysis,this paper sorts out the proportion of the whole part and the components of architectural joinery work in the Jiangnan area in Ming and Qing dynasties,clarifies multiple common proportions,and introduces its relevance to architectural space and carpentry work.In addition,it further interprets the reasons for forming a mathematical relationship in the proportion,analyzes the impact on structure,function,aesthetics,construction and culture,reveals the relationship between science and art,and the cultural connotation of harmony between man and nature.It aims to transfer the research from explicit representations to implicit laws,and provide a reference for the research of regional traditional architecture.