生产性服务业集聚促进制造业结构升级的机理及规律:基于成本视角的实证分析

The Mechanism and Law of Producer Services Cluster Conducive to Upgrading of Manufacturing Industry:An Empirical Analysis Based on the Perspective of Cost

生产性服务业集聚式发展既是实现制造业升级的关键依托,也是引领经济高质量发展的逻辑必然。理论分析表明,生产性服务业集聚式发展可以通过规模经济效应机制、竞争效应机制、学习效应机制、合作效应机制和专业化效应机制降低制造业生产与交易成本,进而助推制造业结构升级。据此建立双向固定效应模型,利用中国大陆2003~2019年省际面板数据,对生产性服务业集聚式发展促进制造业结构升级的机理及规律进行实证研究,结果发现:第一,生产性服务业集群发展显著促进了制造业升级,且这种促进效应主要是通过降低生产成本来实现的。第二,生产性服务业集聚式发展对制造业升级的促进作用存在明显的区域和行业异质性。第三,生产性服务业集聚水平对制造业升级的作用呈现先负后正、先弱后强的“U”型趋势,只有当生产性服务业集聚程度上升至特定水平后,其产生的规模经济效应、竞争效应、学习效应、合作效应和专业化效应才开始显现出对制造业升级的促进力量。

The producer services cluster is not only the key to upgrading manufacturing industry,but also the necessity to lead the high-quality development of economy.Theoretical analysis shows that the agglomerated development of producer services can reduce the manufacturing production cost and transaction cost through the mechanism of economies of scale,competition,learning,cooperation and specialization,and then affects the upgrading of manufacturing industry.Based on the theoretical mechanism,using two-way fixed effects model and the provincial panel data from 2003 to 2019 in China’s mainland,this paper conducts an empirical study on the law and mechanism of agglomerated development of producer services promoting the structural upgrade of manufacturing industry.The findings are as follows.First,the development of producer service industry clusters has significantly promoted the upgrade of the manufacturing industry,and this effect is mainly achieved by production cost reduction.Secondly,the promotion effect of the development of producer service clusters on upgrading manufacturing industry varies across regions and industries.Thirdly,the effect of agglomeration level of producer services on the upgrade of manufacturing industry shows a u-shaped trend from negative to positive,and from weak to strong.Only when the agglomerated development of producer services reaches a certain level will the scale economies effect,competition effect,learning effect,cooperation effect and specialization effect of producer services begin to show their promotion effect on the upgrade of manufacturing industry.