四点跪位和手足位训练中躯干肌肉激活和共收缩模式比较

Comparison of Muscle Activation and Co-Contraction Patterns for Trunk Muscles During Four-Point Hand-Knee and Hand-Foot Kneeling Positions

目的分析四点跪位和手足位训练在躯干肌肉活动和共收缩模式上的异同,探究手足位训练作为核心稳定性训练的可能性,并为实际训练提供建议。方法19名健康受试者参与研究,随机执行四点跪位(4个)和手足位(3个)动作,同时测量两侧腹直肌、腹外斜肌、竖脊肌、多裂肌的表面肌电信号。分析并比较基于表面肌电信号,得到肌电平均振幅值和肌肉共收缩指数。结果四点跪位和手足位训练的组内和组间比较中,单一肌肉激活程度和共收缩指数都表现出统计学差异。四点跪位右手左腿抬起时,所有肌肉激活程度都高于起始位。四点跪位左腿抬起时同侧多裂肌明显高于手足位。手足位右手抬时腹外斜肌和腹直肌激活度较高。对8条肌肉两两匹配对共得到28种肌肉配对方式,四点跪位起始姿势波动最小,说明脊椎最为稳定,而其他动作指数波动范围较大。结论从肌肉激活程度和共收缩两方面,证明了手足位训练作为核心稳定性训练的可能性。手足位训练和四点跪位训练可分别用于腹部肌肉和背部肌肉锻炼,而对侧上下肢抬起时,腹肌和背肌都能得到很好的锻炼,但需注意避免运动损伤。

Objective To analyze the similarities and differences between four-point hand-knee position and hand-foot kneeling positions in trunk muscle activation and co-contraction,explore the possibility of hand-foot kneeling position as core stabilization exercises,so as to provide suggestions for actual training.Methods Nineteen healthy volunteers randomly performed exercises of four-point hand-knee position(4 motions)and hand-foot kneeling position(3 motions),while surface electromyography(sEMG)signals were collected from bilateral rectus abdominis,external oblique,erector spine,and multifidus muscles.The average sEMG and muscle co-contraction index(CCI)based on the sEMG signals were analyzed and compared.Results Significant differences were found in the sEMG and CCI within and between the two positions.Under four-point hand-knee position with the right hand and left leg lifting,the activation of all muscles was higher than that in the starting position.In four-point hand-knee position with the left leg lifting,the activation of ipsilateral multifidus muscle was significantly higher than that in hand-foot kneeling position.The activation degree of external oblique muscle and rectus abdominis was higher in hand-foot kneeling position with right hand lifting.A total of 28 muscle matching methods were obtained by pair-to-pair matching of 8 muscles.The starting posture in four-point hand-knee position fluctuated the least,indicating that the spine was the most stable,while the index of other exercises fluctuated in a larger range.Conclusions The possibility of hand-foot kneeling position as core stabilization exercises was proved from two aspects,namely,muscle activation and CCI.The hand-foot kneeling position and four-point hand-knee position can be used for strengthening abdominal muscles and back muscles,respectively.The four-point hand-knee position with contralateral upper and lower limbs lift is a more advanced exercise for trunk muscles,but sports injuries should be avoided.