地区代际流动与家庭人力资本投资——来自中小学阶段家庭校外教育支出的证据

Regional Intergenerational Mobility and Family Human Capital Investment:Evidence from Family Out-of-school Education Expenditure in Primary and Secondary Schools

家庭在中小学阶段展开的“教育军备竞赛”是我国教育乃至经济社会的重要话题。本文基于2017年中国教育财政家庭调查的中小学阶段微观家庭校外教育支出数据,并利用2016年中国劳动力动态调查估算的省级代际流动指标,考察了地区代际流动对家庭人力资本投资的影响。研究结果表明:(1)地区代际流动会影响中小学阶段家庭校外教育支出,二者存在倒U型关系,且这一结论不因子辈的性别、所处教育阶段、户籍、家庭经济状况以及校外教育支出类型而改变。(2)教育回报是地区代际流动影响中小学阶段家庭校外教育支出的重要渠道,其会随着地区代际流动的提高,呈现先增加后下降的趋势。本文的研究结论可以为合理引导家庭校外教育支出、规范“影子教育”发展提供新思路。

The“Educational Arms Race”launched by families in primary and secondary schools is an important topic in Chinese education and even economic society.Based on the micro household out-of-school education expenditure at the primary and secondary school stage in the 2017 China Institute for Educational Finance Research-Household Survey,and using the 2016 China Labor-force Dynamics Survey to estimate provincial intergenerational mobility indicators,this paper investigates the impact of regional intergenerational mobility on household human capital investment.The results show that:Firstly,the intergenerational mobility will affect family out-of-school education expenditure in primary and secondary schools.There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the two,and this conclusion does not change with the gender of the children,the education stage of the children,the type of household registration,the family economic status and the type of out-of-school education spending.Secondly,the return of education is an important channel for regional intergenerational mobility to affect family out-of-school education expenditure in primary and secondary schools.With the improvement of regional intergenerational mobility,it will increase first and then decrease.The research conclusion of this paper can provide new ideas for reasonably guiding family out-of-school education expenditure and standardizing the development of“shadow education”.