地缘环境评估中的尺度陷阱

SCALAR TRAPS IN ASSESSMENT OF GEO-SETTING

地缘环境评估是政治地理学的一个重要研究方向,对于地缘风险评估和地缘战略制定具有重要意义。但是,现有研究较少论及地缘环境评估中的尺度问题。本文基于地理学中的尺度研究,尤其是王丰龙所提出的尺度陷阱理论,系统归纳了地缘环境评估中面临的4类尺度陷阱。首先,在地缘环境评估中,分析的空间范围和单元划分与地缘环境的评估结果存在相互依赖关系,从而造成分析尺度选择陷阱;第二,地缘环境评估需要涵盖不同尺度上的因素,从而产生多尺度耦合陷阱;第三,地缘环境评估需要将不同尺度形式的因素同时纳入,从而面临不同尺度形式的叠合陷阱;第四,地缘环境评估需要兼顾指标的综合全面与分析问题的重点突出两个相矛盾的需求,进而产生了综合化尺度陷阱。建议后续研究在认识到这些尺度陷阱的基础上,选择更优的分析尺度,提升评估结果的稳健性,从而增强相关研究结论对于地缘风险判断和地缘战略制定的参考价值。

Assessment of geo-setting is an important field in political geographical studies and is critical for identifying geopolitical risks and making geopolitical strategies. However, few studies have examined the scale problem in assessing geo-setting. Based on previous geographical research on the concept of scale and the theoretical perspective of scalar traps proposed by Fenglong Wang, this paper summarizes 4 types of scalar traps in research on assessment of geo-setting. First, since the selection of geographical scopes and level of resolution is mutually dependent with the results of assessing geo-setting, there is a scalar trap of selecting the optimal scale for assessing geo-setting. Second, since we should consider components of geo-setting at different scales yet the indicators at different scales may be incomparable, assessment of geo-setting need to deal with the trap of multiple-scale coupling. Third, because assessment of geo-setting should incorporate different elements of different scalar forms, e.g. some indicators are calculated based on areal region yet some others are calculated based on network, it is difficult to integrate these indicators into a unified framework.Forth, to balance the demands of evaluating comprehensive indicators and proposing priorities for making geopolitical strategies in assessing geo-setting, it is necessary to overcome the scalar trap of trade-off between extensiveness and conciseness.