基于关系视角的企业直接投资区位选择——过程与机理

THE LOCATIONAL CHOICE OF DIRECT INVESTMENT FROM THE RELATIONAL PERSPECTIVE:PROCESS AND MECHANISM

企业直接投资区位选择是经济地理学的经典议题。目前直接将区位条件与关系网络衔接起来分析企业直接投资区位选择过程的研究较为少见。本文基于关系视角和中国情境,构建了关系连通、区位耦合、博弈谈判三位一体的模型,提出了一种对企业直接投资区位选择过程化的理解方法。文章以案例研究方法,对企业家赴甘肃省和浙江省开发区投资考察过程进行了参与式观察与访谈。研究发现,企业直接投资区位选择遵循关系连通—区位耦合—博弈谈判的过程。第一,企业与投资地关系连通是企业到当地投资的前提,而结构洞有利于企业与投资地关系形成。第二,企业与投资地区位耦合是企业投资区位选择的必经过程。第三,企业与投资地政府博弈谈判是企业投资的重要过程,且必须达成两厢情愿企业才可能在当地投资。在中国情境中,本文的理论模型具有现实代表性。本文的创新之处是结合中国情境,运用关系视角,对企业投资区位选择过程进行了理论重构。

The paper analyses the process of location choices of direct investment(LCDI). Existing literature mainly focuses on the determinants of location choices, but rarely unfolds the dynamic process of location choices. There is no doubt that LCDI is a dynamic process, rather than an instant accomplishment. Based on the relational perspective, this paper constructs a dynamic process model of LCDI, including three pillar:that is, relational connection, location coupling and interactive game. This paper reveals that LCDI follows the complex and dynamic process of relational connection, location coupling and interactive game. First, the relational connection between the enterprises and the destination of investment is a prerequisite for the enterprises to invest, and the structural hole is conducive to the formation of the relationship between the enterprises and the destination of investment. Second, the coupling of enterprises and the location factors is a necessary process of LCDI. Third, the interactive game between enterprises and the local government is an important process of LCDI, and the two sides must reach a consensus.