大都市区民宿和酒店业竞争格局演化及成因探测——上海案例

COMPETITION PATTERN EVOLUTION AND CONTRIBUTING FACTORS DETECTION OF URBAN HOMESTAY AND HOTEL INDUSTRY:A CASE STUDY OF SHANGHAI

大都市区民宿和酒店业的空间竞争区位识别及其态势驱动力解析是实现都市旅游住宿业多业态共赢与全域可持续的重要现实条件。本文利用GIS空间分析技术和地理探测器,从微观尺度刻画上海市民宿和酒店业的空间竞争格局演化特征并探测其影响因素。研究发现:(1)上海市民宿业和酒店业集聚热点均趋向群集演化,民宿业历经“零星单点、单核、双核引领+郊区多组团”演化阶段且具有显著的景区指向性;酒店业历经“单核、单核强化、面状集聚+点状环绕”演化阶段且具有显著的城市商业中心指向性;(2)民宿业与酒店业的空间竞争程度加剧,竞争范围扩大,竞争形式由酒店业近乎垄断的空间剩余竞争发展为空间非剩余竞争和剩余竞争并存,最终形成空间竞争与错位共生并存状态。(3)文旅禀赋、商业设施和人口集聚是影响民宿和酒店业微观布局的主要因素,地价和交通条件的影响次之;经营理念、客群定位、经济实力以及空间载体差异是造成民宿和酒店业格局分异的隐性宏观动因。

In the context of the gradual intensification of the competition between the homestay and hotel industry, it is necessary to analyze the spatial correlation characteristics and competition pattern of the two,with a view to achieving win-win and sustainability in the urban tourism accommodation industry. Based on above, this paper uses GIS spatial analysis technology and GeoDetector to describe the evolution characteristics of the spatial competition pattern of homestay and hotel industry from a micro-scale and detect its influencing factors. The research found that: 1) Both the homestay industry and hotel industry in Shanghai tend to evolve in clusters, the former tends to be located around scenic spots, while the latter tends to be located around urban commercial centers. 2) From 2010 to 2020, the degree of competition between the homestay and hotel industry has gradually intensified. The form of spatial competition between the two has experienced the residual competition of space almost monopolized by the hotel industry, and developed into the coexistence of non-residual competition and residual competition, and finally formed a coexistence state of spatial competition and spatial dislocation. 3) Cultural and tourism endowment, commercial facility and population agglomeration are the main factors affecting the micro layout of the homestay and hotel industry, followed by land price and traffic condition.