外包制造下碳交易对低碳供应链影响及协调机制研究

Studying on the impact of carbon trading on LCSC and coordination mechanism based on outsourcing manufacturing

在外包制造下,为分析碳交易对低碳供应链影响和研究低碳供应链协调机制,基于外包制造分别构建由一个低碳产品制造商、一个普通产品制造商和一个零售商参与的分散决策博弈模型和集中决策博弈模型.基于分散决策与集中决策时最优解,首先,剖析碳交易对两种产品最优定价、需求量、单位外包制造费用和利润的影响;其次,分析碳交易下两种产品对环境和消费者剩余的影响;最后,运用Shapley值法实现低碳供应链协调.研究主要得到:1)分散决策时,在碳交易下低碳产品生产商可以通过提高单位外包制造费用来增加利润;2)当单位普通产品与单位低碳产品对环境造成的影响比小于3时,无论分散决策还是集中决策,碳交易不仅可以降低两种产品对环境的影响,还减少消费者剩余;3)运用Shapley值法可以根据低碳供应链成员的贡献有效分配低碳供应链成员利润,避免边际损失,实现低碳供应链的协调.

In order to analyze the impact of carbon trading on low-carbon supply chain(LCSC) and the coordination mechanism of LCSC based on outsourcing manufacturing.The game model involving a lowcarbon product manufacturer,an ordinary product manufacturer and a retailer are respectively constructed for decentralized and centralized decision-making.Based on the optimal solution of decentralized and centralized decision-making model,firstly,the impact of carbon trading on optimal pricing of both products,sales volume,the unit outsourcing manufacturing price and profit are comparatively analyzed;Secondly,the impact of carbon trading on the environment and consumer surplus of the two products is analyzed;Finally,the coordination mechanism of LCSC is provided by the Shapley-value method.The results are as follows through the studying:1) When making decentralized decision,the low carbon product manufacturer can increase its profit through increasing the unit outsourcing manufacturing price based on the carbon trading;2) When the ratio of environmental impact per unit of ordinary products to per unit of low-carbon products is less than 3,carbon trading can not only reduce the environmental impact of the two products,but also reduce the consumer surplus,no matter the decentralized decision or centralized decision;3) The Shapley-value algorithm can effectively distribute the profits of low carbon supply chain members according to their contributions,avoid marginal losses and realize the coordination of LCSC.